Table 1. General characteristics of adults (19-65 years) who participated in the study.

^†Significant differences between the proportion of females and males in the categorical data were assessed by using the Chi-2 test.

^‡Mean differences between females and males in continuous demographic and anthropometric variables were assessed by using regression model. *There was 4.9% of participants refused to answer/no answer.

Demographic and anthropometric variables	All Participants (n= 3,733)		Females (n=2,176)		Males (n=1,557)		P-value
	Mean	±SD	Mean	±SD	Mean	±SD
Age (years)‡	43.7	12.6	43.1	12.5	44.5	12.7	0.001
Ethnicity (n, %) †
European	3,453	92.5	2,009	92.3	1,445	92.8	0.585
Asian and other groups	279	7.5	167	7.7	112	7.2
Anthropometric measures‡
Height (cm)	168.1	9.2	162.6	6.3	175.8	6.9	< 0.001
Weight (kg)	77.8	16.8	72.3	15.6	85.6	15.3	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2) (n, %) †
Underweight	41	1.1	29	1.3	12	0.8	< 0.001
Normal weight	1,316	35.3	868	39.8	448	28.8
Overweight	1,339	35.8	667	30.7	672	43.2
Obese	1,037	27.8	612	28.1	425	27.2
Abdominal obesity‡
Waist circumference (cm)	92.2	14.3	88.3	14.0	97.7	12.8	< 0.001
Relative fat mass (RFM)	33.7	7.7	38.3	5.9	27.4	4.8	< 0.001
Waist to height ratio WHtR	0.55	0.1	0.54	0.1	0.56	0.1	< 0.001
Total House income (n, %) †*
Under £14,999	737	20.7	482	23.3	255	17.2	< 0.001
£15,000 - £29,999	1,051	29.7	642	31.1	409	27.6
£30,000 – £44,999	768	21.6	421	20.4	347	23.4
£45000 – £99,999	856	24.1	436	21.1	420	28.4
£100,000 or more	135	3.8	85	4.1	50	3.4
Four food diary (Yes, n, %)†	3,693	98.9	2,147	98.7	1,546	99.3	0.067
Following special Diet (Yes, n, %) †
Vegetarian	107	2.9	79	3.6	28	1.8	0.001
vegan	8	0.2	7	0.3	1	0.1
neither	3,618	96.9	2,090	96.1	1,528	98.1
Smoking Status (n, %)†
Current smoker	906	24.3	506	23.3	400	25.7	0.011
Ex-smoker	790	21.2	438	20.1	352	22.6
Never smoker	2,037	54.5	1,232	56.6	805	51.7