Table 2.
Hazards for GIB in Propensity Score-Matched Patients Treated with NOACs over Warfarin Group in the Overall Cohort (n=79,528)
| Variable | All GIB (n=2,570) |
Upper GIB (n=764) |
Lower GIB (n=322) |
GIB with transfusion (n = 1,446) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Warfarin | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| NOACs | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.001 | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.194 | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) | 0.958 | 0.73 (0.65–0.81) | < 0.001 |
| Apixaban | 0.78 (0.64–0.97) | 0.023 | 0.95 (0.74–1.22) | 0.668 | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) | 0.830 | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | < 0.001 |
| Dabigatran | 0.92 (0.72–1.16) | 0.467 | 0.83 (0.62–1.11) | 0.213 | 1.32 (0.90–1.92) | 0.155 | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | < 0.001 |
| Rivaroxaban | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 0.014 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.292 | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.557 | 0.77 (0.69–0.87) | < 0.001 |
| Warfarin without aspirin | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Warfarin plus aspirin | 0.99 (0.81–1.24) | 0.996 | 0.80 (0.52–1.24) | 0.318 | 1.58 (0.94–2.63) | 0.083 | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 0.985 |
| NOACs without aspirin | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.088 | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.851 | 0.72 (0.64–0.80) | < 0.001 |
| NOACs plus aspirin | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 0.320 | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 0.344 | 1.16 (0.61–2.20) | 0.654 | 0.88 (0.65–1.21) | 0.440 |
| Warfarin without antiplateleta | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Warfarin plus antiplateleta | 1.02 (0.85–1.24) | 0.781 | 0.80 (0.54–1.19) | 0.270 | 1.43 (0.88–2.34) | 0.148 | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 0.665 |
| NOACs without antiplateleta | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.065 | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.946 | 0.72 (0.64–0.80) | < 0.001 |
| NOACs plus antiplateleta | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 0.309 | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 0.242 | 1.27 (0.74–2.20) | 0.386 | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) | 0.396 |
| Warfarin without PPIs | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Warfarin plus PPIs | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | 0.019 | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.474 | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.005 |
| NOACs without PPIs | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 0.011 | 0.90 (0.73–1.10) | 0.304 | 1.14 (0.83–1.57) | 0.405 | 0.77 (0.66–0.89) | < 0.001 |
| NOACs plus PPIs | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.74 (0.60–0.90) | 0.003 | 0.79 (0.57–1.08) | 0.138 | 0.57 (0.49–0.66) | < 0.001 |
a
Antiplatelets include clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel.
GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; NOACs, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors.