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. 2022 Oct 28;13:1001956. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001956

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Copyright © 2022 Ogbechi, Huang, Clanchy, Pantazi, Topping, Darlington, Williams and Stone

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PQS modulates human macrophage polarisation. (A) LPS-induced TNF from human monocyte-derived macrophages, in the presence of PQS (0-100 µM); ****P<0.001 relative to LPS plus DMSO (n = 3). (B) Cell viability from (A) measured by the MTT assay; *P<0.05 relative to DMSO. (C-F) M-CSF-differentiated macrophages (M0) were stimulated by M1 (LPS and IFN-γ) or M2 (IL-4 and IL-10) polarizing conditions. The expressions of (C) MHC-II, (D) F4/80, (E) CD38 (M1) and (F) CD206 (M2), assessed using FACS, were modulated by PQS (20 μM) (n = 3). For clarity, the FACS results are shown separately for each PQS concentration. The original display and bar chart analysis are illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1 . *P < 0.05, **P<0.01 relative to DMSO.