Table 2.

Associations between physiological cost index and body mass index or body fat percentage in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia vs. community controls.

	n	Physiological cost index (BMI model)			Physiological cost index (Body fat percentage model)
		mean	SE	p	mean	SE	p
Group
Community control	484	0.49	0.009	REF	0.50	0.008	REF
ALL survivors	1,157	0.51	0.008	0.03	0.51	0.006	0.06
Body mass index
Normal weight	462	0.49	0.008	REF	N/A	N/A	N/A
Overweight	454	0.49	0.008	0.62	N/A	N/A	N/A
Obese grade I	340	0.49	0.009	0.43	N/A	N/A	N/A
Obese grade II	203	0.50	0.01	0.28	N/A	N/A	N/A
Obese grade III	150	0.55	0.01	<0.01	N/A	N/A	N/a
Underweight	32	0.45	0.03	0.32	N/A	N/A	N/A
Body fat percentage
Normal	843	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.48	0.006	REF
Excess	798	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.51	0.007	<0.01

Body mass index (BMI) classifications: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²); overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²); obese grade I (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m²); obese II (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m²); obese III (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m²); underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²).

Normal body fat percentage (males: <27.5%; females: <39.9%); excess body fat percentage (males: ≥27.5%; females: ≥39.9%).

Models were adjusted for sex, age at evaluation, physical activity, height, and smoking status.

Nine survivors did not complete the six-minute walk and were removed from analysis due to uncontrolled asthma (1), paralysis (2), painful swelling in legs (2), acute neurological symptoms (1), chronic low back pain (2), and a recent triple bypass surgery (1).

Seven community controls were removed from analysis due to a recently placed pacemaker (1), acute angina (1), technical error (2), severe COPD (1), unable to ambulate without assistance (1), and severe shortness of breath (1).

BMI, body mass index; <, less than; n, number; N/A, not applicable; %, percent; p, probability; SE, standard error; REF, reference.