| Individual domain |
Shortcomings in technology-related knowledge and skill [21,24,41,45,51] Resistance to change [40,42,49,51] Patients’ age [24,40,41,45] Lack of motivation or support [36,45,51] Lack of confidence [49,51] Challenges for individuals with disabilities [26,51] Patients’ preference for face-to-face consultations [40,41,51] Low satisfaction [21,51] Language barriers [41,51] Lack of acceptance [52] Lack of usefulness [41] Less personal contact through telemedicine [39] Invasiveness [39] High attrition rate [35]
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Patient empowerment [31,35,51] Participatory design [33,35,41,42] Motivation and engagement [31,36,42,51] Convenience [40,51,53] Patients’ age [24,41,45] Trust in technology [35,45] Patients feel safe and empowered to discuss personal issues [51] Physicians’ training and skills [31,45] Satisfaction [36,51] Adoption of digital culture [52] Patients sharing their experiences [45]
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| Organizational domain |
The lack of integration into clinicians’ workflows [31,42,44,51] Socioeconomic aspects (financial limitations) [24,25,31,40] Lack of access to a helpful caregiver [26,39,45] Sociocultural aspects [21,40] Increase in workload [51] Scheduling conflicts [31] Lack of governance [52] No appropriate Health Information Systems framework [49] Organizational issues creating barriers to long-term implementation [26]
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Reduction in response time [40,51,53] Integration into clinicians’ workflows [31,42] Decrease in workload [37,51] Access to a helpful caregiver and insights into patient’s home environment [45,51] Pandemic- created acceptance of technology [51] Increased adherence [51] Coordination between healthcare levels [52] Telemedicine champions [34]
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| Clinical domain |
Limited scientific evidence [29,30,32,33,35] Patient recruitment barriers and low rates of patient participation [28,46] Difficulty in making clinical decisions [49,51] Changes to consultation protocols [51] Insufficient consultation time [51] Loss of physical and visual assessment of symptoms [51]
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Clinical and professional benefits [33,34,51] Assessment after a specified period with service evaluations, including feedback from key stakeholders [33,42] Multidisciplinary care team interventions [33] The establishment of guidelines [49] Reduction in the number of visits [36] Frequent and multimodal communication between the health care professional and patient [38] Greater safety and efficacy [42] Better monitoring of cases [51]
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| Economic domain |
Elevated cost of implementation [23,27,45] Lack of funding model [34,42,43,51] Scarce economic benefits [21]
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Financial framework [49,51] Financial benefits [34,45] Cost savings [36]
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| Technological domain |
Issues with internet access [24,26,31,35] Technology needs further development [23,37,45] Usability factors [25,31,41] Issues with information technology and systems infrastructure [25,42] Concerns about the reliability of the technology [21,41,45] Issues surrounding infrastructure [44] Conflicts of interoperability [52] Difficulties in implementation and follow-up over a longer period [27] Difficulties in readability [25] Limited accessibility to electronic devices [24]
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Usability and user satisfaction factors [31,33,45] Internet availability [31,35] Possibilities of technology development [52] Accessibility support [31,35] Adaptable and self-configurable [52]
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| Ethics, security, and privacy issues |
Private data security concerns or issues [38,45,51] Regulatory concerns or issues [21,44,49] Concerns about patient and staff safety [21,41] Ethical aspects [21]
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