Table 4.
Association of comorbidities with all-cause mortality in Type 2 DM patients
| Variables | Crude HR and 95% CI | p-value | Model 1a Adjusted HR and 95% CI |
p-value | Model 2b Adjusted HR and 95% CI |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic neuropathy, yes | 0.58 (0.56–0.6) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.74–0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, yes | 0.78 (0.77–0.8) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.84–0.87) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, yes | 0.56 (0.55–0.57) | < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.57–0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.54 (0.53–0.55) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, yes | 1.26 (1.21–1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.56–1.71) | < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.96–2.16) | < 0.001 |
| Retinopathy, yes | 0.53 (0.51–0.56) | < 0.001 | 0.72 (0.69–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.72 (0.68–0.77) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke, yes | 1.5 (1.45–1.56) | < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.51–1.62) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.73–1.87) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic foot, yes | 1.13 (1.1–1.18) | < 0.001 | 1.32 (1.27–1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.23 (1.18–1.28) | < 0.001 |
| Amputations, yes | 1.79 (1.69–1.88) | < 0.001 | 1.95 (1.85–2.05) | < 0.001 | 1.64 (1.54–1.75) | < 0.001 |
| Neoplasms, yes | 1.31 (1.28–1.35) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.27–1.34) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) | < 0.001 |
aModel 1 adjusted for sex, age categories and ethnicity
bModel 2 adjusted for sex, age categories, ethnicity, diabetic neuropathy, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, stroke, diabetic foot, amputations and neoplasms