Table 5.
Difference-in-difference analyses
| Intensity of CHE Coef. (95% C.I.) |
Incidence of CHE O.R. (95% C.I.) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Full | Crude | Full | |
| Year (ref = 2013) | ||||
| 2015 | 0.034* (0.007, 0.062) | 0.025 (−0.001, 0.051) | 1.342 (0.909, 1.982) | 1.193 (0.784, 1.814) |
| Treatment (ref = Control group) | ||||
| Treatment group | 0.069*** (0.046, 0.091) | 0.064*** (0.043, 0.086) | 3.233*** (2.364, 4.422) | 3.699*** (2.629, 5.205) |
| Year * Treatment | −0.034* (− 0.065, − 0.002) | − 0.033* (− 0.062, − 0.003) | 0.742 (0.485, 1.136) | 0.722 (0.456, 1.145) |
| Gender (ref = Male) | ||||
| Female | −0.004 (− 0.028, 0.019) | 0.898 (0.641, 1.258) | ||
| Elderly (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.016 (−0.000, 0.032) | 1.466** (1.169, 1.838) | ||
| Education level (ref = Middle school or less) | ||||
| High school or more | −0.003 (− 0.018, 0.011) | 0.873 (0.716, 1.065) | ||
| Presence of a spouse (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.022 (−0.003, 0.046) | 1.669** (1.161, 2.399) | ||
| Economically active (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | −0.022** (− 0.037, − 0.007) | 0.797 (0.653, 0.973) | ||
| Living alone (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.019 (−0.005, 0.043) | 1.585*(1.115, 2.252) | ||
| Equivalized income (ref = 1st quintile) | ||||
| 2nd quintile | −0.091*** (− 0.109, − 0.072) | 0.373*** (0.297, 0.468) | ||
| 3rd quintile | −0.124*** (− 0.146, − 0.103) | 0.214*** (0.161, 0.283) | ||
| 4th quintile | −0.146*** (− 0.170, − 0.122) | 0.092*** (0.063, 0.133) | ||
| 5th quintile | −0.163*** (− 0.189, − 0.138) | 0.037*** (0.022, 0.064) | ||
| Private health insurance (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.005 (−0.010, 0.021) | 1.115 (0.909, 1.367) | ||
| National health insurance (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | −0.101***(− 0.125, − 0.076) | 0.186*** (0.132, 0.262) | ||
| Presence of disabled persons (ref = No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.012 (−0.005, 0.029) | 1.147 (0.917, 1.436) | ||
Coef represents the coefficient of each variable, and O.R. represents the odds ratio of each variable
* p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001