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. 2022 Nov 10;13:43. doi: 10.1186/s13229-022-00520-7

Table 1.

Participant characteristics, by task

N Age (yrs)
Mean ± SD
Range
IQ
Mean ± SD
Range
Sex m:f Neuropsychiatric symptoms* Medication use
Autism Control1 Autism Control Sign Autism Control Sign Autism Control Sign Autism Control Autism Control
A. KDEF
Overall 251 150

16.38 ± 5.78

6.23–30.17

15.68 ± 5.68

6.23–29.8

P > 0.05

98.69 ± 19.88

55–148

104.49 ± 19.23

51–142

P < 0.01 181:70 98:52 P > 0.05 99 4 108 (43%) 29 (19%)
Schedule A 70 41

22.48 ± 3.53

18.01–30.13

22.31 ± 3.28

18.11–29.84

P > 0.05

105.39 ± 14.95

76–148

111.49 ± 13.06

76–142

P < 0.05 52:18 29:12 P > 0.05 20 0 28 (40%) 8 (20%)
Schedule B 80 42

15 ± 1.82

12.06–17.89

15.1 ± 1.57

12.24–17.67

P > 0.05

102 ± 16.66

75–143

105.98 ± 12.92

77–126

P > 0.05 62:18 28:14 P > 0.05 33 1 37 (46%) 7 (17%)
Schedule C 61 48

9.37 ± 1.49

6.23–11.96

9.39 ± 1.6

6.23–11.97

P > 0.05

107.02 ± 14.44

77–148

112.6 ± 11.69

85–142

P < 0.05 41:20 28:20 P > 0.05 31 0 26 (43%) 5 (10%)
Schedule D 40 19

19.15 ± 5.1

11.49–30.17

18.53 ± 3.91

12.58–27.11

P > 0.05

67.03 ± 5.34

55–74

65.58 ± 7.45

51–74

P > 0.05 26:14 13:6 P > 0.05 15 3 17 (43%) 9 (47%)
B. RMET
Overall 277 211

16.45 ± 5.75

6.23–30.26

16.35 ± 5.65

6.23–30.95

P > 0.05

101.9 ± 18.43

56–148

107.21 ± 16.28

52–142

P < 0.001 198:78 134:77 P > 0.05 104 8 120 (43%) 38 (18%)
Schedule A 87 67

22.57 ± 3.51

18.01–30.26

22.51 ± 3.42

18.11–30.95

P > 0.05

105.87 ± 15.01

76–148

110.88 ± 12.93

76–142

P < 0.05 61:26 42:25 P > 0.05 24 1 34 (39%) 14 (21%)
Schedule B 89 74

15.05 ± 1.83

12.06–17.89

15.38 ± 1.72

12.03–17.96

P > 0.05

105.02 ± 14.8

78–143

107.05 ± 12.61

77–140

P > 0.05 69:20 50:24 P > 0.05 35 4 41 (46%) 12 (16%)
Schedule C 70 57

9.44 ± 1.54

6.23–11.96

9.67 ± 1.58

6.23–11.97

P > 0.05

107.61 ± 14.87

77–148

112.49 ± 11.7

85–142

P < 0.05 49:21 34:23 P > 0.05 32 0 32 (46%) 5 (9%)
Schedule D 31 13

19.08 ± 4.24

12.77–29.21

19.8 ± 3.9

14.55–27.11

P > 0.05

66 ± 7.45

52–74

68.13 ± 4.63

56–74

P > 0.05 19:11 8:5 P > 0.05 13 3 13 (42%) 7 (54%)
C. FET
Overall 148 107

16.31 ± 5.75

6.23–28.57

15.88 ± 5.99

7.43–30.21

P > 0.05

100.08 ± 19.27

55–148

105.52 ± 19.28

52–142

P < 0.05 102:46 72:35 P > 0.05 56 5 70 (47%) 22 (21%)
Schedule A 47 30

22.4 ± 3.47

18.02–29.57

22.72 ± 3.28

18.11–29.84

P > 0.05

105.22 ± 16.04

76–148

112.6 ± 11.15

94–142

P < 0.05 32:15 22:8 P > 0.05 13 0 22 (47%) 5 (17%)
Schedule B 48 28

14.99 ± 1.88

12.28–17.89

15.03 ± 1.70

12.24–17.67

P > 0.05

101.38 ± 16.18

75–142

107.68 ± 11.79

77–126

P > 0.05 36:12 19:9 P > 0.05 21 1 26 (54%) 4 (14%)
Schedule C 35 36

9.16 ± 1.62

6.23–11.91

9.5 ± 1.39

7.43–11.69

P > 0.05

107.6 ± 14.94

77–148

113 ± 12.24

85–142

P > 0.05 22:13 23:13 P > 0.05 14 0 14 (40%) 5 (14%)
Schedule D 18 13

17.89 ± 4.82

13.79–27.21

19.56 ± 4.79

13.79–30.21

P > 0.05

67 ± 5.47

55–74

63.85 ± 7.01

52–74

P > 0.05 12:6 8:5 P > 0.05 8 4 8 (44%) 8 (61%)

Statistical significance was defined as p-value of 0.05 divided by the number of tests performed

1For Schedules A-C (defined by age and IQ: A - > children, B - > adolescents, C - > adults, IQ ≥ 75 the control group comprises typically developing participants, for Schedule D (defined by age and IQ) those are adults and adults from 12 years with mild ID (IQ 50–75)

*Neuropsychiatric symptoms that data was gathered on included ADHD, anxiety, depression, and behavioural disorders