Table 1.
N | Age (yrs) Mean ± SD Range |
IQ Mean ± SD Range |
Sex m:f | Neuropsychiatric symptoms* | Medication use | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autism | Control1 | Autism | Control | Sign | Autism | Control | Sign | Autism | Control | Sign | Autism | Control | Autism | Control | |
A. KDEF | |||||||||||||||
Overall | 251 | 150 |
16.38 ± 5.78 6.23–30.17 |
15.68 ± 5.68 6.23–29.8 |
P > 0.05 |
98.69 ± 19.88 55–148 |
104.49 ± 19.23 51–142 |
P < 0.01 | 181:70 | 98:52 | P > 0.05 | 99 | 4 | 108 (43%) | 29 (19%) |
Schedule A | 70 | 41 |
22.48 ± 3.53 18.01–30.13 |
22.31 ± 3.28 18.11–29.84 |
P > 0.05 |
105.39 ± 14.95 76–148 |
111.49 ± 13.06 76–142 |
P < 0.05 | 52:18 | 29:12 | P > 0.05 | 20 | 0 | 28 (40%) | 8 (20%) |
Schedule B | 80 | 42 |
15 ± 1.82 12.06–17.89 |
15.1 ± 1.57 12.24–17.67 |
P > 0.05 |
102 ± 16.66 75–143 |
105.98 ± 12.92 77–126 |
P > 0.05 | 62:18 | 28:14 | P > 0.05 | 33 | 1 | 37 (46%) | 7 (17%) |
Schedule C | 61 | 48 |
9.37 ± 1.49 6.23–11.96 |
9.39 ± 1.6 6.23–11.97 |
P > 0.05 |
107.02 ± 14.44 77–148 |
112.6 ± 11.69 85–142 |
P < 0.05 | 41:20 | 28:20 | P > 0.05 | 31 | 0 | 26 (43%) | 5 (10%) |
Schedule D | 40 | 19 |
19.15 ± 5.1 11.49–30.17 |
18.53 ± 3.91 12.58–27.11 |
P > 0.05 |
67.03 ± 5.34 55–74 |
65.58 ± 7.45 51–74 |
P > 0.05 | 26:14 | 13:6 | P > 0.05 | 15 | 3 | 17 (43%) | 9 (47%) |
B. RMET | |||||||||||||||
Overall | 277 | 211 |
16.45 ± 5.75 6.23–30.26 |
16.35 ± 5.65 6.23–30.95 |
P > 0.05 |
101.9 ± 18.43 56–148 |
107.21 ± 16.28 52–142 |
P < 0.001 | 198:78 | 134:77 | P > 0.05 | 104 | 8 | 120 (43%) | 38 (18%) |
Schedule A | 87 | 67 |
22.57 ± 3.51 18.01–30.26 |
22.51 ± 3.42 18.11–30.95 |
P > 0.05 |
105.87 ± 15.01 76–148 |
110.88 ± 12.93 76–142 |
P < 0.05 | 61:26 | 42:25 | P > 0.05 | 24 | 1 | 34 (39%) | 14 (21%) |
Schedule B | 89 | 74 |
15.05 ± 1.83 12.06–17.89 |
15.38 ± 1.72 12.03–17.96 |
P > 0.05 |
105.02 ± 14.8 78–143 |
107.05 ± 12.61 77–140 |
P > 0.05 | 69:20 | 50:24 | P > 0.05 | 35 | 4 | 41 (46%) | 12 (16%) |
Schedule C | 70 | 57 |
9.44 ± 1.54 6.23–11.96 |
9.67 ± 1.58 6.23–11.97 |
P > 0.05 |
107.61 ± 14.87 77–148 |
112.49 ± 11.7 85–142 |
P < 0.05 | 49:21 | 34:23 | P > 0.05 | 32 | 0 | 32 (46%) | 5 (9%) |
Schedule D | 31 | 13 |
19.08 ± 4.24 12.77–29.21 |
19.8 ± 3.9 14.55–27.11 |
P > 0.05 |
66 ± 7.45 52–74 |
68.13 ± 4.63 56–74 |
P > 0.05 | 19:11 | 8:5 | P > 0.05 | 13 | 3 | 13 (42%) | 7 (54%) |
C. FET | |||||||||||||||
Overall | 148 | 107 |
16.31 ± 5.75 6.23–28.57 |
15.88 ± 5.99 7.43–30.21 |
P > 0.05 |
100.08 ± 19.27 55–148 |
105.52 ± 19.28 52–142 |
P < 0.05 | 102:46 | 72:35 | P > 0.05 | 56 | 5 | 70 (47%) | 22 (21%) |
Schedule A | 47 | 30 |
22.4 ± 3.47 18.02–29.57 |
22.72 ± 3.28 18.11–29.84 |
P > 0.05 |
105.22 ± 16.04 76–148 |
112.6 ± 11.15 94–142 |
P < 0.05 | 32:15 | 22:8 | P > 0.05 | 13 | 0 | 22 (47%) | 5 (17%) |
Schedule B | 48 | 28 |
14.99 ± 1.88 12.28–17.89 |
15.03 ± 1.70 12.24–17.67 |
P > 0.05 |
101.38 ± 16.18 75–142 |
107.68 ± 11.79 77–126 |
P > 0.05 | 36:12 | 19:9 | P > 0.05 | 21 | 1 | 26 (54%) | 4 (14%) |
Schedule C | 35 | 36 |
9.16 ± 1.62 6.23–11.91 |
9.5 ± 1.39 7.43–11.69 |
P > 0.05 |
107.6 ± 14.94 77–148 |
113 ± 12.24 85–142 |
P > 0.05 | 22:13 | 23:13 | P > 0.05 | 14 | 0 | 14 (40%) | 5 (14%) |
Schedule D | 18 | 13 |
17.89 ± 4.82 13.79–27.21 |
19.56 ± 4.79 13.79–30.21 |
P > 0.05 |
67 ± 5.47 55–74 |
63.85 ± 7.01 52–74 |
P > 0.05 | 12:6 | 8:5 | P > 0.05 | 8 | 4 | 8 (44%) | 8 (61%) |
Statistical significance was defined as p-value of 0.05 divided by the number of tests performed
1For Schedules A-C (defined by age and IQ: A - > children, B - > adolescents, C - > adults, IQ ≥ 75 the control group comprises typically developing participants, for Schedule D (defined by age and IQ) those are adults and adults from 12 years with mild ID (IQ 50–75)
*Neuropsychiatric symptoms that data was gathered on included ADHD, anxiety, depression, and behavioural disorders