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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2020 Jul 27;51(4):694–701. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720001981

Table 3.

Survival models with parametric Weibull regression was completed stepwise for each incident psychological outcome to examine the effects of incremental adjustment on the exposure variable (CP or SB).

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Any Psychological 1.79 (1.74, 1.85)*** 1.81 (1.76, 1.87)*** 1.62 (1.57, 1.67)*** 1.60 (1.55, 1.65)***
Insomnia 1.75 (1.66, 1.84)*** 1.78 (1.69, 1.87)*** 1.51 (1.44, 1.60)*** 1.50 (1.43, 1.58)***
Adjustment disorders 1.57 (1.47, 1.69)*** 1.46 (1.36, 1.57)*** 1.30 (1.21, 1.40)*** 1.32 (1.23, 1.42)***
Anxiety disorders 1.77 (1.70, 1.84)*** 1.71 (1.65, 1.78)*** 1.48 (1.43, 1.54)*** 1.47 (1.42, 1.53)***
  PTSD 2.47 (2.11, 2.89)*** 2.26 (1.93, 2.64)*** 1.71 (1.46, 2.00)*** 1.68 (1.44, 1.97)***
Delirium/Dementia/Amnestic/Other Cognitive Disorder 3.15 (2.96, 3.36)*** 4.15 (3.89, 4.43)*** 3.57 (3.35, 3.81)*** 3.34 (3.13, 3.56)***
  Dementias 2.28 (2.05, 2.53)*** 3.34 (3.00, 3.72)*** 2.84 (2.55, 3.16)*** 2.56 (2.30, 2.85)***
Impulse control disorders NEC 6.32 (4.96, 8.05)*** 6.00 (4.71, 7.64)*** 4.23 (3.32, 5.39)*** 4.12 (3.24, 5.25)***
Mood disorders 2.07 (1.99, 2.15)*** 2.05 (1.97, 2.13)*** 1.74 (1.68, 1.81)*** 1.72 (1.65, 1.79)***
Personality disorders 4.18 (3.55, 4.92)*** 3.92 (3.32, 4.61)*** 2.76 (2.34, 3.25)*** 2.70 (2.29, 3.18)***
Alcohol-related disorders 1.29 (1.16, 1.43)*** 1.30 (1.17, 1.45)*** 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) 1.09 (0.98, 1.21)
Substance-related disorders 1.85 (1.72, 1.99)*** 1.85 (1.72, 1.99)*** 1.38 (1.28, 1.49)*** 1.32 (1.22, 1.42)***
Central Pain 2.38 (2.27, 2.49)*** 2.46 (2.36, 2.57)*** 1.92 (1.83, 2.01)*** 1.88 (1.80, 1.97)***

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 2: Model 1 + Demographic variables (age, sex, race, geographic region).

Model 3: Model 1 + Model 2 + Modified Elixhauser Comorbidity Index

Model 4: Model 1 + Model 2 + Model 3 + Education + Income

*

As with incidence estimates (Table 2), all survival models used cases (CP/SB) and control cohorts consistent with Table 2, which required a one-year clean period with no evidence of the condition being measured