Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses for Predicting Overall Survival, Cancer-Specific Survival, and Progression-Free Survival in Patients Treated with Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
| Overall Survival | Cancer-Specific Survival | Progression-Free survival | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age at RNU | ||||||||||||
| > 69 yr vs ≤ 69 yr | 1.269 (0.831–1.937) | 0.270 | – | – | 1.402 (0.859–2.288) | 0.177 | – | – | 1.104 (0.781–1.561) | 0.576 | – | – |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female vs male | 0.734 (0.493–1.093) | 0.128 | – | – | 0.646 (0.410–1.018) | 0.060 | – | – | 0.769 (0.553–1.068) | 0.117 | – | – |
| Renal function status (eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2) | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 60 vs < 60 | 1.145 (0.762–1.722) | 0.515 | – | – | 0.844 (0.536–1.329) | 0.464 | – | – | 0.946 (0.679–1.319) | 0.745 | – | – |
| Hemodialysis | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 0.966 (0.565–1.652) | 0.899 | – | – | 0.511 (0.235–1.112) | 0.091 | – | – | 0.764 (0.476–1.226) | 0.265 | – | – |
| DM or HTN | ||||||||||||
| Present vs absent | 1.172 (0.779–1.762) | 0.447 | – | – | 1.062 (0.670–1.681) | 0.799 | – | – | 1.100 (0.787–1.539) | 0.577 | – | – |
| Hematuria | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.033 (0.586–1.822) | 0.911 | – | – | 0.807 (0.444–1.468) | 0.483 | – | – | 0.957 (0.602–1.521) | 0.852 | – | – |
| Hydronephrosis | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.104 (0.654–1.865) | 0.712 | – | – | 1.143 (0.628–2.079) | 0.661 | – | – | 0.900 (0.601–1.348) | 0.610 | – | – |
| Prior or concomitant BC | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.259 (0.699–2.267) | 0.444 | – | – | 1.309 (0.817–2.097) | 0.263 | – | – | 1.312 (0.931–1.848) | 0.121 | – | – |
| Tumor location | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Ureter vs renal pelvis | 1.305 (0.765–2.226) | 1.843 (1.084–3.132) | 1.271 (0.683–2.365) | 1.775 (1.097–3.246) | 1.079 (0.711–1.638) | 1.620 (1.076–2.438) | ||||||
| Both vs renal pelvis | 3.738 (2.321–6.019) | 3.067 (1.941–4.847) | 4.003 (2.330–6.879) | 2.647 (1.577–4.443) | 2.498 (1.697–3.678) | 2.123 (1.453–3.102) | ||||||
| Tumor grade | ||||||||||||
| High vs low | 2.590 (0.638–10.513) | 0.183 | – | – | 4.029 (0.560–28.986) | 0.166 | – | – | 3.017 (0.419–21.731) | 0.273 | – | – |
| Pathological T stage | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| pT2 vs pTis/a/1 | 2.077 (1.014–4.256) | 1.030 (0.499–2.124) | 3.634 (1.242–10.632) | 1.917 (0.662–5.549) | 2.496 (1.325–4.700) | 1.575 (0.869–2.853) | ||||||
| pT3/4 vs pTis/a/1 | 5.172 (2.905–9.209) | 2.483 (1.312–4.700) | 12.695 (5.095–31.628) | 5.771 (2.234–14.911) | 7.117 (4.256–11.901) | 3.308 (1.936–5.653) | ||||||
| Lymph node involvement | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| pNx vs pN0 | 0.491 (0.325–0.743) | 0.703 (0.431–1.147) | 0.326 (0.200–0.533) | 0.615 (0.356–1.061) | 0.459 (0.328–0.641) | 0.807 (0.550–1.182) | ||||||
| pN+ vs pN0 | 4.098 (2.410–6.968) | 2.710 (1.502–4.889) | 4.443 (2.562–7.705) | 2.638 (1.423–4.893) | 4.345 (2.753–6.858) | 2.578 (1.551–4.285) | ||||||
| Tumor size | ||||||||||||
| > 3 cm vs ≤ 3 cm | 1.829 (1.223–2.734) | 0.003 | 1.009 (0.661–1.541) | 0.966 | 2.189 (1.375–3.485) | 0.001 | 1.125 (0.693–1.828) | 0.643 | 1.946 (1.395–2.715) | < 0.001 | 1.064 (0.754–1.502) | 0.725 |
| Tumor necrosis | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.970 (1.279–3.034) | 0.002 | 1.525 (0.967–2.405) | 0.070 | 1.989 (1.217–3.251) | 0.006 | 1.328 (0.792–2.229) | 0.282 | 2.254 (1.589–3.199) | < 0.001 | 1.342 (0.926–1.944) | 0.120 |
| Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no | 1.408 (0.751–2.638) | 0.286 | 0.672 (0.419–1.079) | 0.100 | 1.849 (0.975–3.507) | 0.061 | 0.508 (0.245–1.052) | 0.068 | 2.568 (1.642–4.015) | < 0.001 | 0.741 (0.452–1.215) | 0.234 |
| LVI and SII | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
| LVI (–) and high SII vs LVI (–) and low SII | 2.753 (1.499–5.055) | 0.001 | 2.110 (1.197–3.720) | 0.010 | 3.620 (1.626–8.059) | 0.002 | 2.545 (1.198–5.410) | 0.015 | 1.599 (0.979–2.613) | 0.061 | 1.408 (0.895–2.216) | 0.138 |
| LVI (+) and low SII vs LVI (–) and low SII | 1.995 (0.813–4.896) | 0.132 | 1.099 (0.495–2.444) | 0.816 | 3.212 (1.114–9.259) | 0.031 | 1.601 (0.632–4.060) | 0.321 | 3.167 (1.768–5.675) | < 0.001 | 1.439 (0.805–2.575) | 0.220 |
| LVI (+) and high SII vs LVI (–) and low SII | 7.410 (4.093–13.415) | < 0.001 | 3.918 (2.168–7.078) | < 0.001 | 12.278 (5.709–26.406) | < 0.001 | 5.623 (2.679–11.801) | < 0.001 | 5.896 (3.750–9.272) | < 0.001 | 3.377 (2.138–5.334) | < 0.001 |
Note: Significant P values (< 0.05) are in bold.
Abbreviations: RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; BC, bladder cancer; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; SII, systemic inflammation-immune index.