Table 2.

In vitro Studies of Medicinal Plants That Have the Potential to Treat Seborrhea Dermatitis

Plants Name	Test Sample	Plant Parts	Solvent for Extraction	Test Method	Test Control	Results	Ref:
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume	Ethyl acetate extract and supercritical fluid extraction	Bark	Methanol and Ethyl acetate	Well diffusion and microdilution	–	Supercritical fluid extraction:	[20]
						- Inhibition Zone = 18.22 mm
						- MIC = 390 g/mL Ethyl acetate extract:
						- Inhibition Zone = 18 mm
Boswellia sacra	Essential oil	Gum resin	Water	Microdilution	-	- MIC of Najdi cultivar:	[21]
						252 g/mL
						- Sahli cultivar MIC:
						252 g/mL
						- Houjri cultivar MIC:
						240 g/mL
Eugenia pyriformis	Essential oil	Leaves and twigs	Water	Microdilution	Fluconazole	MIC = 30 µg/mL	[22]
Scutellaria scordifolia	Methanol extract	Aerial parts	Methanol		-	MIC50 = 64 µg/mL MIC80 = 64 µg/mL MIC100 = 128 µg/mL	[23]
Origanum vulgare	Essential oil	Aerial parts	Water		Fluconazole and carvacrol	MIC50 = 390 µg/mL	[24]
						MIC90 = 1560 µg/mL
						MICM = 780±490.73 µg/mL
Thymus vulgaris	Essential oil	Aerial parts	Water	Microdilution	Fluconazole and carvacrol	MIC50 = 780 µg/mL	[24]
						MIC90 = 1560 µg/mL
						MICM = 920±490.73 µg/mL
Deverra tortuosa	Essential oil	Stems and Flowers	Water	Microdilution	Itraconazole	Flower essential oil:	[25]
						- MIC = 3–6 µL/mL
						- MFC = 3–12 µL/mL
						Minyak asiri batang:
						- MIC = 6–12 µL/mL
						- MFC = 12 µL/mL
Thapsia villosa	Essential oil	Aerial parts	Water	Microdilution	Flukonazole	- MIC = 2.5 µL/mL	[26]
						- MFC = 2.5 µL/mL
Embelia ribes	Isolate embelin	Fruit	Hexane	Microdilution	Embelin	MIC = 400 µg/mL	[27]
Castanea crenata	Extract	Shell	-	Microdilution		M. restricta:	[28]
					Ketoconazole	- MIC = 62.5–125 µg/mL
						M. globosa:
						- MIC = 500–1000 µg/mL:
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Soluble extract	-	-	Microdilution		M. restricta:	[29]
					Ketoconazole	- MIC = 62.5–125 µg/mL
						M. globosa:
						- MIC = 250–1000 µg/mL
Caryocar coriaceum	Ethanol extract	Fruit pulp and skin	Ethanol	Microdilution	-	Pulp extract:	[30]
			−96%			- MIC = 19.53 µg/mL
						- MFC = 39.06 µg/mL fruit peel extract
						- MIC = 9.77 µg/mL MFC = 39.06 µg/mL
Vitis vinifera	Ethanol extract	Seed	Ethanol	Microdilution		Kultivar Michelia Palieri:	[31]
			−70%		Ketoconazole	- GM MIC50 = 32–161 μg/mL
						- GM MIC100 = 64–256 μg/mL
						Kultivar Italia:
						- GM MIC50 = 32–81 μg/mL
						- GM MIC100 = 81–256 μg/mL
Hypericum perforatum	Methanol fraction	Root	Methanol	Microdilution	-	- MIC = 16 μg/mL	[31]
						- MIC90 = 32 μg/mL
Kunzea ericoides	Essential oil	Leaves	Water	Microdilution	-	MIC = 7.800 μL/mL	[32]
Leptospermum scoparium	Essential oil	Leaves	WaterAir	Microdilution	-	MIC = 10.560 μL/mL	[32]
Asparagus racemosus	Saponin-enriched extract		Hexane, ethanol (95%), and methanol			- MIC = 300 and 190 μg/mL	[33]
		Root		Microdilution		- MFC = 780 dan 300 μg/mL
					Ketoconazole and
					Zinc pyrithione
Diospyros canaliculata	Isolate	Bark	Methanol	Microdilution		MIC = 1.56 μg/mL	[34]
	Plumbagin				Ketoconazole
Cymbopogon citratus	Essential oil	Leaf sheath	Water	Liquid dilution	Citral standard	- MIC = 6.25 μg/mL	[35]
						- MFC = 6.25 μg/mL
Cymbopogon citratus	Isolate Hibicuslide	Aerial parts	Methanol	Liquid dilution	Amphotericin B	MIC = 5 μg/mL	[36]
Cannabis sativa	Essential oil	Aerial parts	Water	Microdilution	-	MIC >12.460 μg/mL	[37]
Dittrichia viscosa	Methanol extract	Leaves	Methanol	Disc diffusion	-	Konsentrasi 10 mg/mL:	[38]

Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MFC, minimum fungicidal concentration; MIC50, lowest drug concentration that prevented 50% of growth with respect to the untreated control; GM, geometric mean.