Table 2.
Article characteristics.
| Article number | References Country | Title | Methods as described in the study | Participants | Country and ethnicity | Focus of study relating to participation in family occupations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burkett et al. (2021) USA | Restricted eating in pre-schoolers with Autism: Mother stressors and solutions | Focus group and ethno-nursing design | 11 mothers of pre-school children (3–6 years) | 9 = non-Hispanic/Caucasian from a large Midwestern city 1= African American 1= Asian American. | Mealtimes routines and preferences |
| 2 | Burrows et al. (2008) Canada | Sentinels of safety: Service dogs ensure safety and enhance freedom and well-being for families with autistic children | Participant observation and video; semi-structured interviews | 10 families (children 4.5–14 years) | Southwestern Ontario (Canada) | Family activities in the home and public outings |
| 3 | Columna et al. (2020) USA | The experiences of Hispanic families of children with autism spectrum disorder regarding physical activity | Semi-structured telephone interviews | 9 parents (Hispanic families) (children 6–14 years) | Hispanic Parents - Participants resided in five different states in the U.S. (Georgia, Florida, New York, Massachusetts, and Texas) and one participant did not report their state of residence. | Recreational activities, exercise and hobbies |
| 4 | DeGrace (2004) USA | The everyday occupation of families with children with autism | In-depth interviewing | 5 families (5 children 9–10 years) | USA | Everyday occupations of families |
| 5 | DeGrace et al. (2014) USA | Families' experiences and occupations following the diagnosis of autism | Semi-structured interviews | 7 families (7 children 3–18 years) | USA | Family occupations |
| 6 | Dickie et al. (2009) USA | Parent reports of sensory experiences of preschool children with and without autism: a qualitative study | Telephone or face-to-face interviews | Parents of 66 pre-schoolers (37 parents of autistic children 6–17 years)) | USA (White, Black and Hispanic included) | Responses to sensory experiences (food-related, self-care) |
| 7 | Epstein et al. (2019) Australia | Parent-observed thematic data on quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder | Semi-structured interviews | 21 parents (19 mothers, 2 fathers) (children 6–17 years) | Parents living in Australia. Country of Birth for Parents: Australia (10) and other (11) which included Argentina, England, Scotland, Germany, Poland, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore | Relaxation, natural environment, routines and social connection |
| 8 | Galbraith and Lancaster (2020) Australia | Children with autism in wild nature: Exploring Australian parent perceptions using photovoice | Photovoice | 3 Participants (children 5–10) | Australia | Nature and the outdoors, and balancing needs of sibling |
| 9 | Harwood et al. (2019) Australia | Parental perceptions of the nature of the relationship children with Autism Spectrum Disorders share with their canine companion | Case design - interviews | 11 mothers (children aged 5–12) | Western Australia | Companionship and influence of assistant dog on sensory experiences relating to sleep and social connection |
| 10 | Keller et al. (2014) USA | Relationships of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their fathers | Semi-structured interviews | 7 fathers (children 4–6 years) | USA | Shared family activities, fathering |
| 11 | Kim et al. (2018) USA | Listening to the screaming whisper: a voice of mother caregivers of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) | Semi-structured interviews | 12 mothers (average age of child was 9) | Indiana, USA | Leisure and recreation: negotiation and constraint |
| 12 | Kirkpatrick et al. (2019) Ireland | Qualitative study on parents' perspectives of the familial impact of living with a child with autism spectrum disorder who experiences insomnia | Focus groups | 15 parents (15 children 4–12 years) | Ireland | Bedtime routine, eating, sleep, social connections |
| 13 | Larson (2006) USA | Caregiving and autism: how does children's propensity for routinization influence participation in family activities? | Semi-structured interviews | 9 participants (children 3–14 years) | USA based (6 Caucasians of European descent, 1 Puerto Rican/African-American, 1 Chinese, and 1 Mexican) | Routines in family life including restaurant, leisure activities, morning routines |
| 14 | Larson (2010) USA | Ever vigilant: Maternal support of participation in daily life for boys with autism | Semi-structured interviews | 9 mothers (children 3–8 years) | USA based varied in self-identified ethnicity (6 Caucasians of European descent, 1 Puerto Rican/African-American, 1 Chinese, and 1 Mexican), | Routines in self-care, leisure and social activities |
| 15 | Marquenie et al. (2011) Australia | Dinnertime and bedtime routines and rituals in families with a young child with an autism spectrum disorder | Semi-structured interviews | 14 mothers (children 2–5 years) | Australia | Routines: bedtime and dinnertime |
| 16 | Naik and Vajaratkar (2019) India | Understanding parent's difficulties in executing activities of daily living of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder | Semi-structured interviews | 20 participants (fathers = 9 and mothers = 11) (children 5–9 years) | India | Self-care activities including eating, toileting, dressing, brushing, grooming, sleep |
| 17 | Potter (2017) UK | Fathers experiences of sleeping problems in children with autism | Semi-structured interviews | 25 fathers (20 children: 15 were under 10 years) | Fathers living in the UK (24 white and 1 Black) | Sleep challenges, and fathers management of night-time waking |
| 18 | Redquest et al. (2020) Canada | Social and motor skills of children and youth with autism from the perspectives of caregivers | Semi-structured interviews | 8 participants (children 6-16 years) | Canada | Physical hobbies, social skills concerning physical activity |
| 19 | Rios and Scharoun Benson (2020) Canada | Exploring caregiver perspectives of social and motor skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the impact on participation | Semi-structured interviews | 17 participants (mothers, fathers and 1 grandmother) (children 5–9 years) | Canada | Participation in social activities and influence of motor skills and social skills |
| 20 | Schaaf et al. (2011) USA | The everyday routines of families of children with autism Examining the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the family | Semi-structured interviews | 4 Families (children 7–12 years) | USA white, non-Hispanic | Participation in family activities inside and outside the home |
| 21 | Shannon et al. (2021) Canada | “There's nothing here”: Perspectives from rural parents promoting safe active recreation for children living with autism spectrum disorders | Open ended & semi-structured interviews | 12 parents (10 mothers, 2 fathers) of children (3–12 years) | Canada | Participation in safe active recreation in rural areas |
| 22 | Suarez et al. (2014) USA | Phenomenological examination of the mealtime experience for mothers of children with autism and food selectivity | Semi-structured interviews | 4 mothers (children 6–9 years) | USA - 3 white non-Hispanic and 1 white Hispanic | Mealtime routines and preferences |
| 23 | Tokatly Latzer et al. (2021) Israel | Core experiences of parents of children with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown | Semi-structured interviews | Parents of 25 children (children 4–6 years) | Israel - low (n = 7), middle (n = 8), and high (n = 10) socioeconomic backgrounds recruited | Adjusting to home routines during COVID-19 lockdown |