Table 3. Age-adjusted analyses of differences in late midlife (follow-up) among six adult-life trajectories of alcohol consumption.
| Full sample n = 2510 men | Abstaining n = 76 | Moderate n = 1635 | High-risk n = 119 | Increasing n = 274 | Decreasing n = 320 | Fluctuating n = 86 | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late Midlife Follow-up Data | ||||||||
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||
| Age at follow-up (continuous) | 61.62 (3.27) | 61.60 | 61.63 | 62.37* | 62.03 | 61.13* | 61.11 | 0.001 |
| Years of Education (continuous) | 13.58 (2.52) | 13.03* | 13.79 | 13.36 | 13.61 | 12.73*** | 13.31 | <0.001 |
| Job (binary) | 65.30% | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.49*** | 0.62* | 0.55*** | 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Partner (binary) | 81.79% | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.68*** | 0.83 | 0.71*** | 0.73* | <0.001 |
| Children (binary) | 82.11% | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.75** | 0.77** | 0.74*** | 0.77 | <0.001 |
| Intelligence (continuous) | ||||||||
| Intelligence (IQ) | 94.91 (14.64) | 91.50* | 96.06 | 93.43 | 93.75* | 91.69*** | 93.73 | <0.001 |
| IQ change | -5.09 (9.33) | -4.33 | -4.93 | -6.75 | -5.69 | -4.94 | -5.29 | 0.490 |
| Personality (continuous) | ||||||||
| Neuroticism | z-score | 0.08 | -0.04 | -0.01 | 0.07 | 0.10* | 0.05 | 0.222 |
| Extraversion | z-score | -0.23* | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 | -0.14*** | -0.12 | 0.017 |
| Openness | z-score | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.13 | -0.07 | 0.05 | -0.08 | 0.551 |
| Agreeableness | z-score | -0.10 | 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.05 | -0.16** | -0.16 | 0.026 |
| Conscientiousness | z-score | -0.07 | 0.05 | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.19*** | -0.17* | 0.006 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Smoking: Pack Years (count) | 19.51 (26.90) | 15.42 | 15.67 | 34.64*** | 21.89** | 29.58*** | 30.54*** | <0.001 |
| Years with weekly Extreme Binge Drinking (count) | 3.93 (9.49) | 0.06*** | 1.78 | 17.51*** | 5.79*** | 8.46*** | 6.51*** | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (continuous) | z-score | -0.30** | 0.08 | -0.16* | -0.10** | -0.15*** | -0.19* | <0.001 |
| BMI (continuous) | 26.59 (4.05) | 27.69** | 26.28 | 28.10*** | 26.83* | 27.19*** | 26.56 | <0.001 |
| BMI change (continuous) | 5.17 (3.67) | 6.27** | 4.91 | 6.35*** | 5.34 | 5.64** | 5.29 | <0.001 |
| Self-reported Health (binary) | ||||||||
| Good Physical health | 85.98% | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.76** | 0.83** | 0.76*** | 0.79* | <0.001 |
| Good Mental health | 91.21% | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.84** | 0.88** | 0.87** | 0.89 | <0.001 |
| Major Depression Inventory (continuous) | 5.47 (6.34) | 6.99 | 4.73 | 7.91*** | 6.37*** | 6.93*** | 6.75** | <0.001 |
| High Blood Pressure | 37.22% | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.46* | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.088 |
| High Cholesterol | 32.19% | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.083 |
| Diabetes | 8.79% | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.18** | 0.08 | 0.13** | 0.17* | <0.001 |
| Heart attack | 5.67% | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09* | 0.06 | 0.108 |
| Stroke | 4.35% | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08** | 0.07 | 0.001 |
| Concussion | 35.84% | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.45* | 0.32 | 0.45** | 0.37 | 0.002 |
| Treatment for alcohol problems | 10.32% | No data | 0.04 | 0.35*** | 0.10** | 0.32*** | 0.23*** | <0.001 |
a P-value for overall test of differences among the six trajectories
* P < 0.05
** P < 0.01
*** P < 0.001