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. 2022 Nov 11;12:19338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22896-5

Table 3.

Effects of interventions on blood lipid profiles among the three groups [mean ± SD or mean difference (95% CI)].

Index and time point Group Cohen's d Repeated-measures ANOVA
Control(n = 32) BDJ (n = 34) AT (n = 32) BDJ versus Control AT versus Control BDJ versus AT Group × Time Time Group
TC, mmol/L
T0 5.34 ± 0.96 5.18 ± 0.80 5.22 ± 1.06 − 0.18 − 0.12 − 0.04
T3 5.37 ± 0.80 5.01 ± 0.86 5.00 ± 0.99 − 0.43 − 0.41 0.01
T6 5.38 ± 0.82 4.91 ± 0.93 4.79 ± 0.83 − 0.54* − 0.72* 0.14
T12 5.49 ± 0.89 4.74 ± 0.92 4.66 ± 0.93 − 0.83# − 0.91# 0.09
T3 versus T0 0.02(− 0.15 , 0.20) − 0.16(− 0.34 , 0.01) − 0.21(− 0.39, − 0.04)* F 5.917 5.239 3.318
T6 versus T0 0.04(− 0.17 , 0.25) − 0.27(− 0.48 , − 0.07)* − 0.43(− 0.65, − 0.22)# p 0.001 0.002 0.040
T12 versus T0 0.15(− 0.10 , 0.41) − 0.44(− 0.69 , − 0.19)# − 0.56(− 0.82 − 0.31)# η2p 0.159 0.145 0.065
TG, mmol/L
T0 2.20 ± 0.58 2.27 ± 0.60 2.18 ± 0.71 0.12 − 0.03 0.14
T3 2.24 ± 0.62 2.10 ± 0.61 1.93 ± 0.69 − 0.23 − 0.47 0.26
T6 2.38 ± 0.67 2.03 ± 0.65 1.81 ± 0.73 − 0.53* − 0.81# 0.32
T12 2.48 ± 0.64 1.91 ± 0.69 1.76 ± 0.64 − 0.86# − 1.13# 0.23
T3 versus T0 0.04(−  0.07, 0.14) − 0.17(− 0.27, − 0.07)* − 0.25(− 0.35, − 0.14)# F 25.138 8.406 3.463
T6 versus T0 0.18(0.03, 0.32)* − 0.24(− 0.39, − 0.10)# − 0.36(− 0.51, − 0.22)# p 0.001 0.001 0.035
T12 versus T0 0.28(0.15, 0.41)# − 0.36(− 0.48, − 0.24)# − 0.41(− 0.54, − 0.29)# η2p 0.445 0.213 0.068
HDL-C, mmol/L
T0 1.37 ± 0.48 1.36 ± 0.32 1.30 ± 0.26 − 0.02 − 0.18 0.21
T3 1.37 ± 0.26 1.46 ± 0.29 1.45 ± 0.33 0.33 0.27 0.03
T6 1.39 ± 0.25 1.59 ± 0.36 1.58 ± 0.25 0.64* 0.76# 0.03
T12 1.29 ± 0.25 1.98 ± 0.36 1.72 ± 0.23 2.21# 1.79# 0.86#
T3 versus T0 0.003(− 0.11, 0.12) 0.11(−  0.01, 0.22) 0.15(0.04, 0.27)* F 25.183 27.511 9.025
T6 versus T0 0.02(− 0.11, 0.15) 0.24(0.11, 0.36)# 0.28(0.151, 0.4)# p < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
T12 versus T0 − 0.08(−  0.21, 0.05) 0.63(0.50, 0.75)# 0.43(0.30, 0.55)# η2p 0.446 0.470 0.160
LDL-C, mmol/L
T0 3.56 ± 0.64 3.37 ± 0.74 3.49 ± 1.00 − 0.27 − 0.08 − 0.14
T3 3.49 ± 0.67 3.18 ± 0.88 3.36 ± 0.93 − 0.39 − 0.16 − 0.20
T6 3.55 ± 0.68 3.01 ± 0.95 3.12 ± 0.78 − 0.66* − 0.59* − 0.14
T12 3.77 ± 0.75 2.91 ± 0.83 2.92 ± 0.93 − 1.09# − 1.01# − 0.01
T3 versus T0 − 0.06(− 0.21, 0.08) − 0.19(0.33, 0.05)* − 0.13(− 0.27, 0.02) F 7.630 7.913 3.627
T6 versus T0 − 0.01(− 0.19, 0.16) − 0.36(− 0.53, − 0.19)# − 0.37(− 0.54, − 0.19)# p < 0.001 < 0.001 0.030
T12 versus T0 0.21(− 0.05, 0.47) − 0.46(− 0.71, − 0.21)# − 0.56(− 0.82, − 0.31)# η2p 0.196 0.203 0.071

BDJ, Baduanjin; AT, aerobic training; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; η2p, partial eta-squared; T0, baseline; T3, at 3 months; T6, at 6 months; T12, at 12 months; *, significant difference at p < 0.05; #, significant difference at p < 0.001.