Table 4.
Effects of interventions on body shape indicators among the three groups [mean ± SD or mean difference (95% CI)].
| Index and time point | Group | Cohen's d | Repeated-measures ANOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| control(n = 32) | BDJ (n = 34) | AT (n = 32) | BDJ versus Control | AT versus Control | BDJ versus AT | Group × Time | Time | Group | |
| WC, cm | |||||||||
| T0 | 90.19 ± 5.97 | 88.62 ± 7.98 | 87.97 ± 7.91 | − 0.22 | − 0.32 | 0.08 | |||
| T3 | 90.25 ± 6.00 | 86.82 ± 7.59 | 85.84 ± 7.59 | − 0.50 | − 0.64* | 0.13 | |||
| T6 | 92.94 ± 5.29 | 84.71 ± 7.30 | 83.38 ± 7.09 | − 1.28# | − 1.53# | 0.18 | |||
| T12 | 93.25 ± 5.59 | 82.41 ± 7.07 | 79.88 ± 6.68 | − 1.69# | − 2.17# | 0.37 | |||
| T3 versus T0 | 0.06(− 0.75 0.87) | − 1.79(− 2.58, − 1.01)# | − 2.13(− 2.93, − 1.32)# | F | 69.229 | 45.508 | 11.098 | ||
| T6 versus T0 | 2.75(1.70, 3.80)# | − 3.91(− 4.93, − 2.89)# | − 4.59(− 5.65, − 3.54)# | p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| T12 versus T0 | 3.06(1.89, 4.24)# | − 6.21(− 7.34, − 5.07)# | − 8.09(− 9.27, − 6.92)# | η2p | 0.688 | 0.595 | 0.189 | ||
| Weight, kg | |||||||||
| T0 | 67.41 ± 11.98 | 64.71 ± 12.11 | 63.63 ± 12.52 | − 0.22 | − 0.31 | 0.09 | |||
| T3 | 68.16 ± 10.79 | 62.85 ± 12.11 | 61.63 ± 11.82 | − 0.46 | − 0.58 | 0.10 | |||
| T6 | 69.31 ± 10.78 | 61.82 ± 12.19 | 60.66 ± 12.21 | − 0.65* | − 0.75* | 0.10 | |||
| T12 | 69.84 ± 10.12 | 60.41 ± 11.26 | 58.66 ± 11.98 | − 0.88# | − 1.01# | 0.15 | |||
| T3 versus T0 | 0.75(− 0.11, 1.61) | − 1.85(− 2.68, − 1.02)# | − 2.00(− 2.86, − 1.14)# | F | 23.863 | 10.475 | 3.925 | ||
| T6 versus T0 | 1.91(0.86, 2.96)# | − 2.88(− 3.90, − 1.86)# | − 2.97(− 4.02, − 1.92)# | P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | ||
| T12 versus T0 | 2.44(1.01, 3.87)# | − 4.29(− 5.68, − 2.91)# | − 4.97(− 6.40, − 3.54)# | η2p | 0.432 | 0.253 | 0.076 | ||
Abbreviations: BDJ, Baduanjin; AT, aerobic training; WC, waist circumference; η2p, partial eta-squared; T0, baseline; T3, at 3 months; T6, at 6 months; T12, at 12 months; *, significant difference at p < 0.05; #, significant difference at p < 0.001.