Table 5.
Effects of interventions on BP and 10-year risks of ASCVD among the three groups [mean ± SD or mean difference (95% CI)].
| Index and time point | Group | Cohen's d | Repeated-measures ANOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| control(n = 32) | BDJ (n = 34) | AT (n = 32) | BDJ versus Control | AT versus Control | BDJ versus AT | Group × Time | Time | Group | |
| SBP, mmHg | |||||||||
| T0 | 144.22 ± 14.35 | 145.65 ± 14.24 | 143.81 ± 14.05 | 0.10 | − 0.03 | 0.13 | |||
| T3 | 143.31 ± 13.93 | 137.97 ± 12.32 | 134.53 ± 10.62 | − 0.41 | − 0.71* | 0.30 | |||
| T6 | 145.31 ± 15.13 | 136.38 ± 13.51 | 133.44 ± 10.58 | − 0.62* | − 0.91# | 0.24 | |||
| T12 | 146.50 ± 14.28 | 136.59 ± 12.13 | 131.94 ± 11.53 | − 0.75* | − 1.12# | 0.39 | |||
| T3 versus T0 | − 0.91(− 3.25, 1.44) | − 7.68(− 9.95, − 5.40)# | − 9.28(− 11.62, − 6.94)# | F | 31.605 | 33.403 | 4.067 | ||
| T6 versus T0 | 1.09(− 1.41, 3.59) | − 9.27(− 11.69, − 6.84)# | − 10.38(− 12.88,− 7.88)# | p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.020 | ||
| T12 versus T0 | 2.28(0.07, 4.49)* | − 9.06(− 11.21,− 6.91)# | − 11.88(− 14.09,− 9.66)# | η2p | 0.502 | 0.519 | 0.079 | ||
| DBP, mmHg | |||||||||
| T0 | 81.56 ± 8.71 | 80.88 ± 9.70 | 82.41 ± 8.12 | − 0.07 | 0.10 | − 0.17 | |||
| T3 | 83.16 ± 8.22 | 78.21 ± 9.10 | 79.28 ± 9.22 | − 0.57* | − 0.44 | − 0.14 | |||
| T6 | 84.59 ± 7.49 | 78.03 ± 8.10 | 76.31 ± 8.11 | − 0.84# | − 1.06# | 0.21 | |||
| T12 | 85.63 ± 8.04 | 77.35 ± 8.92 | 75.41 ± 7.62 | − 0.97# | − 1.30# | 0.23 | |||
| T3 versus T0 | 1.59(0.15, 3.04)* | − 2.68(− 4.08, − 1.27)# | − 3.13(− 4.57, − 1.68)# | F | 38.978 | 9.925 | 4.611 | ||
| T6 versus T0 | 3.03(1.52, 4.54)# | − 2.85(− 4.32, − 1.39)# | − 6.09(− 7.61, − 4.58)# | p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.012 | ||
| T12 versus T0 | 4.06(2.51, 5.62)# | − 3.53(− 5.04, − 2.02)# | − 7.00(− 8.56, − 5.44)# | η2p | 0.554 | 0.243 | 0.088 | ||
| 10-year risks of ASCVD, % | |||||||||
| T0 | 6.13 ± 1.83 | 6.17 ± 3.07 | 6.06 ± 2.38 | 0.02 | − 0.03 | 0.04 | |||
| T3 | 5.96 ± 1.68 | 5.03 ± 1.98 | 4.83 ± 1.74 | − 0.51* | − 0.66* | 0.11 | |||
| T6 | 6.25 ± 2.07 | 4.66 ± 1.84 | 4.48 ± 1.64 | − 0.81# | − 0.95# | 0.10 | |||
| T12 | 7.08 ± 2.86 | 4.12 ± 1.76 | 4.03 ± 1.50 | − 1.26# | − 1.34# | 0.05 | |||
| T3 versus T0 | − 0.18(− 0.62, 0.27) | − 1.14(− 1.57, − 0.71)# | − 1.23(− 1.68, − 0.79)# | F | 22.238 | 15.490 | 6.002 | ||
| T6 versus T0 | 0.12(− 0.41, 0.64) | − 1.51(− 2.02, − 0.10)# | − 1.58(− 2.11, − 1.05)# | p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | ||
| T12 versus T0 | 0.95(− 0.33, − 1.57)* | − 2.05(− 2.66, − 1.45)# | − 2.03(− 2.65, − 1.41)# | η2p | 0.415 | 0.333 | 0.112 | ||
BDJ, Baduanjin; AT, aerobic training; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; η2p, partial eta-squared; T0, baseline; T3, at 3 months; T6, at 6 months; T12, at 12 months; *, significant difference at p < 0.05; #, significant difference at p < 0.001.