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. 2022 Oct 28;10:1009775. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009775

Table 1.

Descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the participants in the 2010 survey (3rd wave).

Variable Categories Normal (N = 3,341) MCI (N = 694) Dementia (N = 250)
Mean ±SD or N (%)
Age 60.14 ± 7.96 65.61 ± 8.08 69.46 ± 9.06
Sex Male 1,590 (47.59) 289 (41.64) 113 (45.20)
Female 1,751 (52.41) 405 (58.36) 137 (54.80)
Education Elementary school 956 (28.62) 405 (58.36) 154 (61.6)
Middle school 679 (20.33) 124 (17.87) 44 (17.6)
High school 1,260 (37.72) 138 (19.88) 38 (15.2)
Above college 445 (13.32) 27 (3.89) 14 (5.6)
Marital state Not married/not partnered 397 (11.88) 127 (18.30) 74 (29.60)
Married/partnered 2,944 (88.12) 567 (81.70) 176 (70.40)
Social contact No one 79 (2.36) 28 (4.03) 16 (6.4)
Rarely meet 7 (0.21) 1 (0.14) 0 (0)
1–6/year 218 (6.52) 87 (12.54) 22 (8.8)
1–2/months 834 (24.96) 108 (15.56) 37 (14.8)
1/week 812 (24.3) 142 (20.46) 59 (23.6)
2–3/weeks 454 (13.59) 102 (14.7) 32 (12.8)
Everyday 937 (28.05) 226 (32.56) 84 (33.6)
Personal allowance (USD) 173.39 ± 162.57 126.08 ± 154.88 107.31 ± 83.25
Depression 1.38 ± 1.45 1.61 ± 1.82 1.5 ± 1.92
MMSE score 28.15 ± 1.85 27.07 ± 2.00 27.37 ± 2.08
Smoking No smoking 2,239 (67.02) 476 (68.59) 166 (66.4)
Past smoking 474 (14.19) 104 (14.99) 33 (13.2)
Current smoking 628 (18.8) 114 (16.43) 51 (20.4)
Alcohol assumption No drinking 1,590 (47.59) 365 (52.59) 137 (54.8)
Past drinking 326 (9.76) 80 (11.53) 28 (11.2)
Current drinking 1,425 (42.65) 249 (35.88) 85 (34)
Exercise Adequate (More than 150 min/week) 653 (19.55) 125 (18.01) 69 (27.60)
Deficient (<150 min/week) 686 (20.53) 105 (15.13) 28 (11.20)
No exercise 2,002 (59.92) 464 (66.86) 153 (61.20)
ADL 0.01 ± 0.15 0.02 ± 0.28 0.02 ± 0.20
IADL 0.13 ± 0.61 0.13 ± 0.76 0.18 ± 0.83

USD = 1,118.30 Korean Won, average exchange rate between 2010 and 2018.

MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, mini mental state examination; ADL, activity of daily living; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living.