TABLE 3.
Factors Associated With the Detection of SDRMs
| Characteristics | Total (N = 275) | SDRM Detected (n = 37) | No SDRM (n = 238) | Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval); P* |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age, yrs | ||||
| 18–24 | 192 (69.8) | 30 (81.1) | 162 (68.1) | Ref |
| 25–35 | 83 (30.2) | 7 (18.9) | 76 (31.9) | 0.54 (0.24 to 1.23); P = 0.142 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/previously married | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Unmarried | 273 (99.3) | 37 (100) | 236 (99.2) | — |
| Does not live with partner | 251 (91.3) | 34 (91.9) | 217 (91.2) | Ref |
| Lives with partner | 24 (8.7) | 3 (8.1) | 21 (8.8) | 0.92 (0.28 to 3.00); P = 0.894 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary/secondary | 223 (81.1) | 29 (78.4) | 194 (81.5) | Ref |
| Postsecondary school | 52 (18.9) | 8 (21.6) | 44 (18.5) | 1.18 (0.54 to 2.59); P = 0.674 |
| Sexually transmitted infections† | ||||
| No STIs | 184 (67.2) | 26 (70.3) | 158 (66.7) | Ref |
| Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoea | 90 (32.9) | 11 (29.7) | 79 (33.3) | 0.85 (0.40 to 1.80); P = 0.664 |
| HSV-2† | ||||
| Negative/indeterminate | 153 (55.8) | 23 (62.2) | 130 (54.9) | Ref |
| Positive | 121 (44.2) | 14 (37.8) | 107 (45.1) | 0.77 (0.40 to 1.50); P = 0.440 |
| Study site | ||||
| Urban | 182 (66.2) | 25 (67.6) | 157 (66.0) | Ref |
| Rural | 93 (33.8) | 12 (32.4) | 81 (34.0) | 0.94 (0.47 to 1.87); P = 0.859 |
| Province | ||||
| KwaZulu-Natal | 126 (45.8) | 16 (43.2) | 110 (46.2) | Ref |
| Gauteng | 62 (22.5) | 9 (24.3) | 53 (22.3) | |
| Eastern Cape | 41 (14.9) | 7 (18.9) | 34 (14.3) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03); P = 0.268 |
| North-West | 46 (16.7) | 5 (13.5) | 41 (17.2) | |
| Participant characteristics at seroconversion visit | ||||
| Sexual behaviours (in the last 3 mo)‡ | ||||
| ≤ 1 sex partner | 249 (90.9) | 31 (83.8) | 218 (92.0) | Ref |
| >1 sex partner | 25 (9.1) | 6 (16.2) | 19 (8.0) | 2.04 (0.85 to 4.90); P = 0.113 |
| No new sex partner(s) | 251 (92.6) | 32 (91.4) | 219 (92.8) | Ref |
| New sex partner | 20 (7.4) | 3 (8.6) | 17 (7.2) | 1.13 (0.35 to 3.66); P = 0.845 |
| No unprotected sex | 60 (21.9) | 8 (21.6) | 52 (21.9) | Ref |
| Any unprotected sex | 214 (78.1) | 29 (78.4) | 185 (78.1) | 0.97 (0.44 to 2.12); P = 0.935 |
| 236 (99.2) | ||||
| No sex in exchange for money or gifts | 272 (99.3) | 37 (100.0) | 236 (99.2) | |
| Sex in exchange for money or gifts | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | — |
| HIV status of primary sex partner | ||||
| Negative | 159 (57.8) | 18 (48.6) | 141 (59.2) | Ref |
| Unknown | 106 (38.5) | 15 (40.5) | 91 (38.2) | |
| Positive | 6 (2.2) | 2 (5.4) | 4 (1.7) | 1.03 (0.75 to 1.43); P = 0.20 |
| No primary partner | 4 (1.5) | 2 (5.4) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Primary sex partner on ARVs (yes)‡ | 3 (1.1) | 2 (5.4) | 1 (0.4) | 5.41 (1.30 to 22.56); P = 0.020 |
| Sexually transmitted infections§ | ||||
| No STIs | 174 (67.7) | 19 (52.8) | 155 (70.1) | Ref |
| Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoea | 83 (32.3) | 17 (47.2) | 66 (29.9) | 2.10 (1.03 to 4.30); P = 0.042 |
| CD4 (cells/mm3)‖ | ||||
| <500 | 116 (42.3) | 14 (37.8) | 102 (43.0) | Ref |
| ≥500 | 158 (57.7) | 23 (62.2) | 135 (57.0) | 1.24 (0.61 to 2.53); P = 0.552 |
| Viral load (copies/mL) | ||||
| 1000–10,000 | 77 (28.0) | 10 (27.0) | 67 (28.2) | Ref |
| 10,001–100,000 | 99 (36.0) | 10 (27.0) | 89 (37.4) | |
| >100,000 | 99 (36.0) | 17 (45.9) | 82 (34.5) | 1.19 (0.79 to 1.80); P = 0.405 |
Bold: P < 0.05.
*
RR not calculated as one category had 0.
†
One participant had missing laboratory results (n = 274).
‡
One participant had missing data and 3 participants did not have a primary sex partner in the last 3 months (n = 271).
§
Missing 18 laboratory results (n = 257).
‖
One participant had a missing CD4 result.