Figure 1. A new taxonomy for colorectal cancer.

Liu et al. identified six subtypes of colorectal cancer: GINS1 is a proliferative subtype (green); GINS2 is a stromal-rich subtype (yellow); GINS3 is a KRAS-inactivated subtype (grey); GINS4 is a mixed subtype (red); GINS5 is an immune-activated subtype (bright blue); and GINS6 is a metabolic reprogramming subtype (dark blue). Liu et al. report that GINS4 is an intermediate state between the GINS2 and GINS5 subtypes, which suggests that converting GINS4 into GINS5, which has a better prognosis and may be more sensitive to immunotherapy (especially to PARP inhibitors), might be a good treatment strategy. The GINS6 subtype, on the other hand, may respond well to statins based on its characteristics.