Table 2.
Patient characteristics and indications for EVT
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 156) |
Period 1 (n = 79) |
Period 2 (n = 77) |
||
| Sex ratio, No. (M:F) | 106: 50 | 54: 25 | 52: 25 | 1 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58.7 (14.3) | 55.5 (14.7) | 61.9 (13.2) | .005* |
| BMI, mean (SD) (kg/m2) | 28.0 (8.4) | 29.1 (8.5) | 26.8 (8.1) | .09 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.6) | 3.7 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.7) | .30 |
| ASA classification ≥ III | 98 (63.2) | 44 (56.5) | 54 (70.1) | .057 |
| Benign disease | 68 (43.6) | 35 (44.3) | 33 (42.9) | .86 |
| Malignant tumor | 88 (56.4) | 44 (55.7) | 44 (57.1) | |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 63 (40.4) | 25 (31.6) | 38 (49.4) | .001* |
| Type of leakage | .52 | |||
| Primary perforation | 10 (6.4) | 5 (6.3) | 5 (6.5) | |
| Postoperative preventive† | 15 (9.6) | 8 (10.1) | 7 (9.1) | |
| Iatrogenic perforation‡ | 31 (19.8) | 22 (27.8) | 9 (11.7) | |
| Anastomotic insufficiency | 100 (64.1) | 44 (55.7) | 56 (72.7) | |
| Esophago-gastrostomy | 44 (44.0) | 19 (43.2) | 25 (44.6) | .106 |
| Esophago-jejunostomy | 31 (31.0) | 11 (25.0) | 20 (35.7) | |
| Gastro-jejunostomy | 21 (21.0) | 10 (22.7) | 11 (19.6) | |
| Other | 4 (4.0) | 4 (9.1) | 0 | |
| Previous surgery | 142 (91.0) | 70 (88.6) | 72 (93.5) | .57 |
| Oncological surgery UGI | 71 (57.3) | 35 (58.3) | 36 (56.3) | |
| Other UGI | 50 (41.3) | 22 (38.6) | 28 (43.8) | |
| Other | 16 (10.3) | 12 (15.2) | 4 (5.2) | |
| Interval from surgery to diagnosis of leakage, mean (95%CI), d | 9.7 (8.5–11.1) | 11.0 (8.9–13.1) | 8.5 (6.9–11.1) | .063 |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated
EVT endoscopic vacuum therapy; SD standard deviation; 95%CI 95% confidence interval
†Intraoperative endoscopy and start of EVT during surgery due to expected high risk of anastomotic leakage. ‡Including leakages after endoscopic procedures, postoperative perforations and suture line leakages, except anastomotic leakage
*P < .05