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. 2022 Oct 15;67(12):5382–5391. doi: 10.1007/s10620-022-07719-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Thiopurine metabolism. AZA azathioprine, 6-MP 6-mercaptopurine, TPMT thiopurine S-methyltransferase, XO xanthine oxidase, 6-TA 6-thiouric acid, 6-TX 6-thioxanthine, HPRT hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, 6-TIMP 6-thioinosine monophosphate, 6-MeTIMP 6-methylthioinosine monophosphate, IMPDH inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase, 6-MMPR 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides, 6-TIDP thioinosine diphosphate, 6-TITP thioinosine triphosphate, 6-meTITP methylthioinosine triphosphate, ITPAse inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, 6-TXMP thioxanthine monophosphate, GMPS guanidine-5-monophosphate synthetase, 6-TGMP thioguanine monophosphate, 6-TGDP thioguanine diphosphate, 6-TGTP thioguanine triphosphate, 6-TGN thioguanine nucleotides, NUDT15 Nudix hydrolase 15, Rac1 Rac Family Small GTPase 1, I-CAM intercellular adhesion molecule 1, V-CAM vascular cell adhesion protein 1. Modified with permission from Nguyen et al. [4]