Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study/year | Country | Study design | Sample size, (female), n | Age, mean (SD), years | Biologics used | Follow-up period (months) | Remission criteria | Variables adjusted in meta-analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atzeni 2014 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 1300 (1064) | 54.6 (13.7) | INF, ETA, ADA | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender |
| Barnabe 2014 | Canada | Prospective cohort | 1116 (826) | 54.4 (13.6) | INF, ETA, ADA, CTZ, GOM | 30 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Gender, BMI, RF smoking history |
| Biggioggero 2019 | Italy | Retrospective cohort | 346 (282) | 53.4 (13) | ETA, ADA | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, smoking, disease duration |
| Canhao 2012 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 617 (544) | 42.2 (12.4) | INF, ETA, ADA | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, smoking, disease duration |
| Collins 2020 | USA | Prospective cohort | 380 (316) | 53.0 (12) | Tocilizumab | 6 | SDAI ≤ 2.8 | Age, gender, disease activity, disease duration |
| Flouri 2014 | Greece | Prospective cohort | 1208 (1007) | 58 (17) | INF, ETA, ADA | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Gender |
| Hamann 2019 | UK | Retrospective cohort | 14,436 (10,971) | 56.0 (12.3) | INF, ETA, ADA, CTZ | 6 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, smoking, disease activity |
| Hyrich 2006 | UK | Prospective cohort | 1,267 (1100) | 56 (12) | ETA | 6 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, smoking, disease activity, disease duration |
| Hyrich 2006 | UK | Prospective cohort | 1612 (1387) | 55 (12) | INF | 6 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, smoking, disease activity, disease duration |
| Kawashiri 2021 | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 125 (90) | 59 (18) | INF, ETA, ADA | 12 | SDAI ≤ 3.3 | Use of steroids, ACPA, swollen joint count |
| Kida 2020 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 554 (441) | 67.8 (12.4) | ABC | 13 | SDAI ≤ 3.3 | Age, gender, ACPA, disease activity, disease duration |
| Listing 2006 | Germany | RCT | 818 (627) | 55 (12.3) | INF, ETA, ADA, Anakinra | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, disease activity |
| Marie Pers 2013 | France | Retrospective cohort | 204 (166) | 55.2 (13.8) | Tocilizumab | 6 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, smoking, disease activity |
| Murakami 2019 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 118 (97) | 65 (12) | ABC | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender |
| Murray 2021 | Ireland | Prospective cohort | 274 (207) | 55 (11.9) | INF, ETA, ADA, RIX | 144 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender |
| Nakashima 2020 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 110 (97) | 58.6 (12.8) | Tocilizumab | 13 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | MTX use, disease activity |
| Nourisson 2017 | France | Prospective cohort | 990 (784) | 58.7 (11.6) | ABC, Tocilizumab | 12 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Gender |
| Rubbert 2021 | Austria | Prospective cohort | 5462 (4420) | 53.3 (12.3) | Tocilizumab | 6 | SDAI ≤ 3.3 | Age, gender, disease activity, disease duration |
| Tanaka1 2020 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 159 (NR) | NR | CTZ | 13 | SDAI ≤ 3.3 | Gender, BMI, RF, disease activity |
| Wang 2019 | Taiwan | Prospective cohort | 70 (67) | 54.1 (10.6) | RIX | 24 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, gender, RF, ACPA, disease activity and duration |
| Yamaguchi 2020 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 75 (68) | 59.7 (10.7) | ADA | 6 | DAS28 ≤ 2.6 | Age, MTX use, disease duration |
INF infliximab, ETA etanercept, ADA adalimumab, CTZ certolizumab, GOM golimumab, ABC abatacept, RIX rituximab, DAS28 disease activity score, SDAI simple disease activity index, BMI body mass index, RF rheumatoid factor, ACPA anticitrullinated peptide antibody, MTX methotrexate