Table 2.
Predictors of all biologics included in the meta-analysis
| Risk factor (number of studies) | Effect size (95% CI) | P value | I2 | I2heterogeneity | Egger’s test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic-related risk factors | |||||
| Age ≥ 50 (15) | OR 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | < 0.00001 | 46% | 0.03 | 0.89 |
| Female gender (16) | OR 0.66 (0.56, 0.77) | < 0.00001 | 61% | 0.0009 | 0.63 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (4) | OR 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.02 | 65% | 0.03 | NR |
| Presence of comorbidities (3) | OR 0.77 (0.51, 1.15) | 0.2 | 79% | 0.008 | NR |
| Current of ex-smoker (7) | OR 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) | 0.04 | 67% | 0.006 | NR |
| Baseline HAQ score ≥ 2 (9) | OR 0.62 (0.48, 1.27) | < 0.00001 | 42% | 0.09 | 0.68 |
| Disease-related risk factors | |||||
| Disease duration ≥ 10 years (11) | OR 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.18 | 59% | 0.007 | 0.34 |
| DAS28 at diagnosis ≥ 3.2 (13) | OR 0.90 (0.85, 0.96) | 0.0005 | 88% | < 0.00001 | 0.65 |
| TJC ≥ 10 (5) | OR 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.33 | 76% | 0.002 | NR |
| SJC ≥ 7 (6) | OR 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.94 | 79% | 0.0002 | NR |
| RF positive (8) | OR 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.24 | 18% | 0.29 | NR |
| ACPA positive (3) | OR 2.52 (1.53, 4.12) | 0.0003 | 0% | 0.44 | NR |
| ESR > 20 mm/h (4) | OR 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.009 | 0% | 0.69 | NR |
| Treatment-related risk factors | |||||
| Prior or concurrent use of MTX (11) | OR 1.16 (0.9, 1.5) | 0.25 | 85% | < 0.00001 | 0.33 |
| Prior or concurrent use of steroids (8) | OR 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.48 | 39% | 0.12 | NR |