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. 2022 Jul 18;36(12):8726–8736. doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09408-2

Table 2.

Performance of participants independent of group membership from t0 to t2

t0 t2
MV SD MV SD p-value
Packing suitcases
 Instrument handling 1.98  ± 0.67 2.86  ± 0.74  < 0.001
 Performing the task 2.37  ± 0.86 2.51  ± 0.79 Not significant (n.s.)
 Manual skills 1.87  ± 0.69 2.53  ± 0.82  < 0.001
 End result 1.85  ± 0.46 2.56  ± 0.57  < 0.001
Camera handling
 Image settings 2.59  ± 0.60 2.79  ± 0.69  < 0.05
 Depiction of the operating area 2.56  ± 0.93 2.63  ± 0.76 n.s
 Handling of the camera 2.13  ± 0.76 2.30  ± 0.68  < 0.05
 Quality of camera handling 2.44  ± 0.75 2.75  ± 0.79  < 0.001
Number of cups
 Quality 6.49*  ± 2.76 11.26*  ± 3.18  < 0.001
 Quantity 8.11*  ± 2.29 12.91*  ± 2.63  < 0.001

*Number of cups; significance (p-value) is defined as the difference between t0 to t2