Table 3.

Effects of UV filters on mollusks

UV Filter	Effects on Mollusks	Mollusk Species Studied	Test Concentration Ranges	Toxicity Threshold	Duration of Study	Reference
TiO2 (nano)	Changes in antioxidant enzyme levels	Haliotis diversicolor supertexta	C = 0.1 mg/L, C = 1 mg/L, C = 10 mg/L	LOEC = 1.0 mg/L and C ≥ 1.0 mg/L	96 h	Zhu et al. 2011
	Changes in metallotheionin levels	Mytillus galloprovincialis	C = 2.8 μg/L, C = 28 μg/L, C = 280 μg/L	LOEC = 2.8 μg/L	24 h	Sureda et al. 2018
	Reduction of byssal secretion	Mytilus coruscus	C = 100 μg/L	na	10 days	Shi et al. 2020
ZnO (nano)	Reduction of byssal secretion	Mytilus coruscus	C = 100 μg/L	na	10 days	Shi et al. 2020