Table 5.

Summarized Modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist

Item	Checklist	Applicability
1	A clear objective and description of inclusion criteria of the medical images/videos	52% (12/23)
2	A detailed description of the study population (how are patients recruited, which operation, laparoscopy/robotic surgery, (dataset))	65% (15/23)
3	A clear description of the data source and how data were collected (method of measurement, machine used, manual annotation, reproducible measurements)	65% (15/23)
4	A valid and reproducible data collection and measurement method	39% (9/23)
5	Attainment of ethical approval?	52% (12/23)
6	Were findings and implications discussed in detail?	87% (20/23)
7	Were the outcomes (performance and result of ML tools) measured in a valid and reliable way?	74% (17/23)
8	Was appropriate cross-validation and evaluation method used?	61% (14/23)