Table 1.
Medians (25–75th percentiles) values of the laboratory analyses, hemodynamic measures, and clinical and therapy data at each time point for the two groups (septic pigs SS n = 9, sham pigs SH n = 7, if not stated otherwise in the table).
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory analyses | ||||||
| SvO2 | SS | 57.3 (53,62.8) | 46 (42,56.3) | 63.5 (61.4,67.9)## | 66.6 (62.6,67.2)## | 60.3 (59.4,65)# |
| SH | 57 (52.4,61.3) | 53 (50,53.8) | 56 (50,66.8) | 55.1 (52.1,57.8)** | 56.7 (53.1,63.5) | |
| Htc | SS | 0.29 (0.28,0.31)n=8 | 0.38 (0.36,0.41) | 0.29 (0.29,0.31) | 0.25 (0.23,0.26)# | 0.21 (0.19,0.23)°#§ |
| SH | 0.29 (0.26,0.32) | 0.28 (0.25,0.30)* | 0.23 (0.21,0.23)*° | 0.2 (0.16,0.23)*°# | 0.21 (0.17,0.27)°§ | |
| Hb | SS | 101 (91,102) | 132 (119,141) | 100 (94,106) | 83 (76,89)# | 71 (62,78)°#§ |
| SH | 98 (86,106.2) | 95 (84.0,98)* | 73 (69.8,79)*° | 66 (52.5,76.8)*°# | 70 (56.5,87)° | |
| Plate | SS | 276 (244,445)n=8 | 192 (174,212) | 85 (58,94)°# | 102 (68,112)° | 142 (107,166) |
| SH | 231 (208,306) | 193 (158,229) | 151 (136,187)*° | 174 (156,198)*° | 223 (213,237)*§ | |
| WBC | SS | 19.2 (16.2,23.3)n=8 | 11.7 (9.7,13.1) | 11.5 (10.6,17.6) | 11.5 (9.6,13.6)° | 10.2 (8.3,12.1)° |
| SH | 21.4 (18.6,26.2) | 18.3 (13.1,20.8)* | 13.8 (11.1,19.2) | 13.1 (9.6,14)° | 11.9 (10.1,15.4)° | |
| PT | SS | 13.9 (13.2,14.3)n=8 | 14.7 (14.6,16.2) | 14.7 (14.1,15.1) | 14.2 (13.6, 14.7) | 14.1 (13.7,14.9) |
| SH | 13.9 (13,14.1) | 14.1 (13.8,14.5)* | 14.3 (13.2,14.5) | 13.5 (13,13.7) | 13.7 (13.4,13.7)* | |
| N% | SS | 5.5 (0.8,14)n=8 | 48 (38.6,58.6)° | 33.5 (26.1,48.8)° | 14 (11.5,20)# | 6 (1.4,10.2)#§ |
| SH | 4 (2.5,12.9) | 0 (0,0.5)*° | 0 (0,0.9)*° | 0.5 (0,1.0)* | 0 (0,0.4)*° | |
| Lact | SS | 0.6 (0.5,0.7) | 0.8 (0.7,1.2) | 0.8 (0.6,1) | 0.7 (0.5,0.9)# | 0.4 (0.4,0.8) |
| SH | 0.6 (0.5,0.8) | 0.4 (0.4,0.5)* | 0.3 (0.3,0.4)* | 0.3 (0.2,0.3)*° | 0.3 (0.2,0.4)*° | |
| Creat | SS | 94.0 (86.8, 100.2) | 174 (150.8,182.5)° | 113 (106.5,165.2) | 99 (87.2,112) | 89 (80.5,96.2)#§ |
| SH | 92 (76.8,100) | 106 (98,111.5)* | 85 (79.5,97.8)* | 86 (65,95.2)# | 84 (69.5,86.8)# | |
| Bilirubin | SS | 1.2 (0.7,1.6) | 1.4 (1.1,2.4) | 1.5 (1.3,1.9) | 1.3 (0.8,2.5) | 1.4 (0.9,3.6) |
| SH | 1.1 (0.6,2) | 0.9 (0.6,1.6) | 0.8 (0.4,1.9) | 0.5 (0.3,0.8)* | 0.8 (0.3,1.1) | |
| Ammonia | SS | 51 (36.8,66.5) | 107 (72,125.2)n=8° | 85 (67,94.5)n=8 | 78 (61.2,88) | 95 (88,114)° |
| SH | 51 (48.2,53.5) | 35 (29,36)n=6 *° | 42.5 (38,50)n=6 * | 43 (40.8,52.8)* | 54 (53,66.5)*#§ | |
| Hemodynamic variables | ||||||
| SAP | SS | 103 (94,107) | 72 (65,95)° | 101 (93,106) | 96 (91,102) | 97 (96,109)# |
| SH | 103 (97,107) | 100 (94,103)* | 103 (90,109) | 99 (91,106) | 99 (94,118) | |
| DAP | SS | 59.6 (53.2,68.6) | 43.8 (34.9,52.7)° | 47.5 (44.7,54.1)° | 51.1 (48.1,53.9) | 57 (50.4,60.5) |
| SH | 59.1 (57.8,64.9) | 49.3 (47.4,58.5) | 53.3 (43.1,58.9) | 54.4 (46.6,57.1) | 58.2 (48.3,68) | |
| MAP | SS | 77.6 (71.1,82.5) | 57.9 (46,69.8)° | 69.3 (64.6,72.4) | 69.8 (67.8,71.5) | 76.4 (65.3,77.9) |
| SH | 80.1 (73.2,83.6) | 71.1 (68.1,76) | 70.5 (64.3,80.7) | 73.4 (66.2,77) | 78.2 (68.5,89.3) | |
| PP | SS | 43.0 (35.7,46.9) | 32 (29.5,34.4) | 49.9 (42.8,55.7)# | 46.6 (40.7,51.5)# | 48.9 (36.5, 52.6) |
| SH | 44.3 (32.7,46.5) | 48.4 (38.4,54.3)* | 40.3 (38.0,47.3) | 46 (43.3,54.8) | 45.5 (41.6,50.5) | |
| HR | SS | 112 (108,117) | 177 (171,214)° | 170 (150,176)° | 144 (113,150) | 115 (105,129)#§ |
| SH | 109 (96,114) | 86 (81,109)* | 72 (62,100)* | 65 (51,73)*° | 62 (60,66)*° | |
| CVP | SS | 5.5 (4,6.4)n=8 | 5.6 (3.1,5.9)n=8 | 6.3 (3.3,8.5) | 7.6 (6.5,9.9)# | 10.9 (8,12.1)°# |
| SH | 5.4 (4.2,6.3) | 5.9 (4.9,6.6) | 8.1 (6.4,9.1) | 7.1 (6.6,8.6) | 7.2 (6.1,8.6) | |
| CCO | SS | 4.8 (4.2,5.7)n=8 | – | 6.3 (4.4,6.6) | 6 (5.6,6.7)° | 6.9 (5.9,7.4)° |
| SH | 4.7 (4.6,5.7) | 4.7 (4.2,4.8) | 4.4 (3.8,6.3) | 4.3 (3.5,4.8)* | 4.4 (4,5.1)n=6 * | |
| CBF | SS | 176 (133,204) | 108 (101,124) | 215 (171,241)# | 191 (180,235)# | 171 (154,235)# |
| SH | 182 (168,204)n=5 | 181 (167,187)n=5 * | 184 (160,214)n=6 | 179 (167,195)n=6 | 185 (148,198)n=6 | |
| Global SV | SS | 42.7 (36.9,48.3)n=8 | – | 37.1 (33.5,40.2) | 46 (42,50.9) | 62 (50,63.8)°§ |
| SH | 46.9 (46.2,48.7) | 50.7 (44.6,54.7) | 64.1 (59.6, 79)*° | 68.3 (64.5,73)*° | 70 (67.5,77.4)n=6 *°# | |
| Carotid SV | SS | 1.54 (1.15,1.89) | 0.67 (0.52,0.72)° | 1.23 (1.16,1.43) | 1.47 (1.26,1.7)# | 1.68 (1.29,2.09)# |
| SH | 1.77 (1.68,1.94)n=5 | 2.3 (1.89,2.37)n=5 * | 2.74 (2.46,2.90)n=6 * | 2.87 (2.59,3.87)n=6 *°# | 2.94 (2.51,3.21)n=6 *° | |
| Clinical and therapy data | ||||||
| VP | SS | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 264.2 (120.9,1503.7) | 509.7 (198.4,3181) | 595.5 (217.4,4341.5) |
| SH | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,9.7)** | 0 (0,17.2)** | 0 (0,21.1)** | |
| Fluids | SS | 46 (40.4,51) | 59.9 (55.1,64.3) | 169 (162.3,177.3) | 242.7 (232.5,250.7) | 325.5 (284.3,332.5) |
| SH | 60.2 (35,71.4) | 74.7 (48.1,83) | 149.1 (123.7,168.3) | 223.4 (191.8,237.7) | 271.3 (249.9,298.3) | |
| Propofol | SS | 75.7 (63.3,89.4) | 160.8 (131.4,176.1) | 392 (326.8,411.5) | 623.7 (514.7,642.8) | 888.4 (739.7,913) |
| SH | 68.4 (59,73.6) | 140.6 (120.8,150.5) | 367.1 (345.4,371.9) | 590.6 (544.7,612.4) | 842.5 (804.2,1005.2) | |
| Fentanyl | SS | 37.6 (34,62.6) | 82.6 (63.6,169.1) | 210.3 (166.8,442.2) | 316.3 (264.6,711.5) | 468.6 (401.8,1016.4) |
| SH | 42.7 (35.6,45.9) | 80.7 (68.3,87.5) | 203.9 (184.8,212.5) | 283.7 (273.8,351.3) | 399.3 (372.1,468) | |
| UO | SS | 25.2 (22,31) | 32.4 (29.9, 37.4) | 58.6 (53.7, 65.9) | 87.5 (76.3, 92.5) | 103.5 (99.3, 112.5) |
| SH | 27.7 (23.2, 31.9) | 37.8 (33.5, 42.5) | 68.8 (66.4, 75.6) | 102.9 (90.0, 115.8) | 142.5 (125.1, 172.5)* | |
| FB | SS | 19.4 (10.2,28.3) | 23 (19.4,32.6) | 110.4 (100.4,122.5) | 159.4 (150,167.6) | 209.7 (181,227.8) |
| SH | 37.4 (9,42.4) | 35.7 (12.8,42.2) | 79.7 (53.7,98.1) | 120.8 (72.7,146.4) | 118.1 (66.7,175.6) | |
SvO2 = mixed venous oxygen saturation [%], Htc = Hematocrit [L/L], Hb = Hemoglobin [g/l], Plat = platelets [109/L], WBC = white blood cells [109/L], PT = prothrombin time [sec], N% = Band neutrophils [%], Lact = lactate [mmol/L], Creat = Creatinine [μmol/L], Bilirubin [μmol/L], Ammonia [μmol/L], SAP = systolic arterial pressure [mmHg], DAP = diastolic arterial pressure [mmHg], MAP = mean arterial pressure [mmHg], PP = pulse pressure [mmHg], HR = heart rate [bpm], CVP = central venous pressure [mmHg], CCO = continuous cardiac output [L/min], CBF = carotid blood flow [mL/min], global SV = global stroke volume [mL], carotid SV = carotid stroke volume [mL], VP = cumulative amount of vasopressors [μg/Kg], Fluids = cumulative fluid input [mL/Kg], cumulative amount of Propofol [mg/Kg], cumulative amount of Fentanyl [µg/Kg], UO = cumulative urine output [mL/Kg], FB = Fluid balance [mL/Kg].
Comparison between Sepsis and Sham: *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01 (Wilcoxon rank sum test). Wilcoxon signed test: °p < 0.05 with respect to T1, #p < 0.05 with respect to T2, ##p < 0.01 with respect to T2, §p < 0.05 with respect to T3, ^p < 0.05 with respect to T4 (Friedman test p-value < 0.05). The number reported in the apex refers to the number of pigs with available data, if not all.