Table 3.

Major changes in biochemical and urine parameters (group mean values ± standard deviation) in male and female rats treated intravenously for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week recovery period with 0 (vehicle = 0.9% saline solution), 5, 9 and 15 mg/kg/day of SET-M33 peptide.

Sex	Dose (mg/kg/day)	Biochemistry week 4 of treatment—Group mean values										Urinalysis week 4 of treatment—Group mean values
		ALP (U/L)	gGT (U/L)	Urea (µmol/L)	Creat (µmol/L)	Na (mmol/L)	Cl (mmol/L)	Ca (mmol/L)	Phos (mmol/L)	Total Prot (g/L)	Alb (g/L)	SG1	Vol (mL)	Prot (g/L)	U-Creat (µmol/L)	U-Gluc (mmol/L)
Male	0	130 ± 19.5	0 ± 0.0	4.91 ± 0.501	23 ± 2.5	138 ± 3.1	98 ± 1.7	2.46 ± 0.095	2.08 ± 0.18	58 ± 3.4	39 ± 2.7	1.051 ± 0.0194	5 ± 2.2	2.51 ± 1.123	12,902 ± 5527.3	4.31 ± 2.798
	5	160** ± 16.8	0 ± 0.2	6.97* ± 0.554	47* ± 4.5	134* ± 2.3	98 ± 1.5	2.34* ± 0.06	1.97 ± 0.309	56 ± 2.4	38 ± 1.8	1.0214** ± 0.0063	10** ± 4	1.04** ± 0.336	4027** ± 1766.3	1.52 ± 0.676
	9	187** ± 28.8	0* ± 0.3	11.64** ± 3.171	97** ± 22.8	134* ± 2.4	103** ± 2.2	2.13** ± 0.088	2.26 ± 0.393	52** ± 3.3	37 ± 4.4	1.0302** ± 0.0219	15** ± 11.3	1.54** ± 1.24	4267** ± 3748.6	11.22 ± 14.93
	15	196** ± 27.8	1** ± 0.3	21.16** ± 7.736	156** ± 59.9	138 ± 3.2	107** ± 3.2	2.11** ± 0.167	2.83** ± 0.324	54** ± 3.5	36* ± 2.4	1.0182** ± 0.003	26** ± 11.9	0.94** ± 0.402	1324** ± 352.0	39.10** ± 13.323
Female	0	98 ± 13.7	0 ± 0.0	5.91 ± 0.963	31 ± 3.2	134 ± 1.9	97 ± 1.6	2.41 ± 0.066	1.84 ± 0.179	56 ± 3.0	41 ± 3.4	1.036 ± 0.0076	6 ± 1.9	0.33 ± 0.186	6205 ± 1731.9	1.68 ± 0.431
	5	111 ± 14.6	0 ± 0.1	6.32 ± 1.258	40 ± 5.8	134 ± 2.2	100* ± 1.6	2.33 ± 0.067	1.45** ± 0.201	58 ± 2.7	42 ± 2.2	1.0203** ± 0.0072	13 ± 4.4	0.30 ± 0.271	2969** ± 1365.2	1.00 ± 0.642
	9	134** ± 12.6	0 ± 0.4	9.81** ± 2.224	80** ± 15	135 ± 1.9	104** ± 2.0	2.36 ± 0.095	1.49 ± 0.415	58 ± 4.7	39 ± 3.2	1.0173** ± 0.0063	20* ± 12	0.34 ± 0.184	1654** ± 667.2	7.77 ± 11.212
	15	119** ± 18.0	2** ± 0.5	28.57** ± 15.12	190** ± 76.6	136 ± 9.8	102** ± 8.6	2.33 ± 0.127	2.52* ± 0.757	55 ± 2.8	36** ± 2.7	1.0175** ± 0.0046	34** ± 13.7	0.76** ± 0.489	985** ± 428.7	43.03** ± 14.984

Sex	Dose (mg/kg/day)	Biochemistry week 2 of recovery—Group mean values										Urinalysis week 2 of recovery—Group mean values
		ALP U/L	gGT U/L	Urea µmol/L	Creat µmol/L	Na mmol/L	Cl mmol/L	Ca mmol/L	Phos mmol/L	Total Prot g/L	Alb g/L	SG1	Vol mL	Prot g/L	U-Creat µmol/L	U-Gluc mmol/L
Male	0	122 ± 10.9	0 ± 0.0	6.07 ± 0.61	24 ± 1.1	139 ± 0.8	99 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.043	1.96 ± 0.122	62 ± 1.6	40 ± 1.4	1.0394 ± 0.0302	7 ± 3.2	1.65 ± 1.52	11,288 ± 8063.3	3.38 ± 4.649
	15	208** ± 53.1	0 ± 0.8	46.64* ± 30.424	235* ± 101.4	145* ± 5.9	104 ± 5.7	2.19** ± 0.154	2.83 ± 1.37	61 ± 4.4	42 ± 3.3	1.0131* ± 0.0004	34** ± 7.5	0.35* ± 0.132	1339* ± 134.3	27.05** ± 5.353
Female	0	105 ± 22.1	0 ± 0.0	5.73 ± 0.558	30 ± 2.0	140 ± 0.7	101 ± 1.3	2.64 ± 0.048	1.65 ± 0.267	64 ± 1.4	44 ± 2.7	1.0508 ± 0.0238	5 ± 2.8	0.78 ± 0.516	11,012 ± 4985.4	2.9 ± 1.896
	15	146* ± 30.0	1* ± 0.8	34.83** ± 16.358	179** ± 63.2	143 ± 4.3	103* ± 1.4	2.45** ± 0.054	2.04 ± 0.616	63 ± 2.0	43 ± 1.4	1.0130* ± 0.0005	34** ± 4.7	0.29 ± 0.206	1089* ± 71.3	34.76** ± 6.659

ALP alkaline phosphatase, gGT gamma-glutamyl-transferase, Creat Creatinine, Na sodium, Cl chloride, Ca calcium, Phos inorganic phosphorus, Total Prot total protein, Alb albumin, SG1 specific gravity, Vol volume, Prot protein, U-Creat creatinine, U-Gluc glucose.

Significant differences between peptide vs. control groups were expressed at the 5% (*p < 0.05) or 1% (**p < 0.01) level. For statistical analysis the Dunnett, Shirley, Williams, Wilcoxon and t tests were used.