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. 2022 Nov 11;12:19323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24103-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Empagliflozin alters inflammatory responses after renal I/R injury. (A) Left, Representative images of immunostaining for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in kidney sections after renal I/R injury. Scale bars, 50 μm. Sham sham-operated, I/R ischemia/reperfusion, EMPA empagliflozin. Right, the level of immunoreactivity of IL-6 in mouse kidneys post I/R. Each group, n = 5. (B) Left, Representative blots for IL-6 and GAPDH in mouse kidneys; Right, IL-6/GAPDH ratio after renal I/R injury. n = 4 per group. (C) Left, Representative images of immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in kidney sections after renal I/R injury. Scale bars, 50 μm. Sham sham-operated, I/R ischemia/reperfusion, EMPA empagliflozin. Right panel, TNF-α immunoreactivity levels in mouse kidneys post I/R. Each group, n = 5. (D) Left, Representative blots for TNF-α and GAPDH in mouse kidneys; Right, TNF-α/GAPDH ratio after renal I/R injury. n = 4 per group. Data shown are the mean ± SD. Significant differences between groups were determined by one-way ANOVA (A–D).