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. 2022 Nov 11;12:19323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24103-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of empagliflozin on renal GSK-3β phosphorylation post-I/R. (A–D) Left, Representative western blots of renal p-STAT-3 and t-STAT-3 (A), p-STAT-5 and t-STAT-5 (B), p-ERK1/2 and t-ERK1/2 (C), and p-GSK-3β and t-GSK-3β (D) after I/R injury. Sham sham-operated, I/R ischemia/reperfusion, EMPA empagliflozin. Right, Relative abundance of protein phosphorylation levels was normalized to total protein. n = 4 per group. (E) Left, Representative images of immunostaining for p-GSK-3β in kidney sections after renal I/R injury. Scale bars, 50 μm. Right, p-GSK-3β immunoreactivity levels. Each group, n = 5. Data shown are the mean ± SD. Significant differences between groups were determined by one-way ANOVA (A–E).