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. 2022 Nov 11;12:19323. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24103-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β mimics empagliflozin-stimulated renal protection. (A, B) Serum levels of creatinine (CREA) (A) and urea (UREA), (B) in mice with (+) or without (−) SB216763 treatment. n = 6 per group. Sham sham-operated, I/R ischemia/reperfusion, EMPA empagliflozin. Values for sham, I/R and empagliflozin mice are repeated from Fig. 1B and C for comparison. (A) Kidney weight-to-tibia length (KW/TL) ratio of the mice with (+) or without (−) SB216763. n = 6 per group. Values for sham, I/R and empagliflozin mice are repeated from Fig. 1D for comparison. (D–E) Left, Representative images of kidney sections stained with H&E (D) or PAS (E) in the presence (+) or absence (−) of SB216763 after renal I/R. n = 5 mice per group. Sham: sham-operated, I/R: ischemia/reperfusion. EMPA empagliflozin. Scale bars, 50 μm. Right panel, renal damage scores in each group. Values for sham, I/R and empagliflozin mice are repeated from Fig. 2A and B for comparison. Data shown are the mean ± SD. Significant differences between groups were determined by one-way ANOVA (A–E).