Table 3.
Frequency of Neurologic Complications in Children Meeting Modified Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
| Neurologic Complication (n=23) | Number (%) among all IE (n=68)* | Number (%) among definite IE (n=43)* |
|---|---|---|
| Arterial ischemic stroke | 17 (25) | 16 (37) |
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| Multiple punctate embolic | 9 (13) | 9 (21) |
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| Middle cerebral artery | 5 (7) | 4 (9) |
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| Single punctate embolic | 2 (3) | 2 (5) |
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| Posterior cerebral artery | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
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||
| Anterior cerebral artery | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
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| Watershed | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
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| Intracranial hemorrhage | 17 (25) | 16 (37) |
|
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| Multifocal punctate hemorrhages | 7 (13) | 7 (16) |
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| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 7 (13) | 6 (14) |
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| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage | 4 (6) | 3 (7) |
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| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 4 (6) | 3 (7) |
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| Subdural hemorrhage | 4 (6) | 4 (9) |
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| Hemorrhagic transformation of arterial ischemic stroke | 4 (6) | 3 (7) |
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| Encephalopathy | 8 (12) | 8 (19) |
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| Intact aneurysm | 5 (7) | 5 (12) |
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| Meningitis and/or encephalitis | 5 (7) | 5 (12) |
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| Seizure | 3 (4) | 2 (5) |
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| Intracranial abscess | 2 (3) | 2 (5) |
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| Cranial nerve palsy | 2 (3) | 2 (5) |
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| Hypoxic ischemic injury+ | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
*
Some children had more than one neurologic complication
+
Post-conduit replacement