Table 2. Osteoarthritis risk genes identified by SMR integrative analysis in OA.

Gene	Chr	Top SNP	Top SNP_Chr	A1	A2	HEIDI Pa	SMR P	Tissue	Trait
UQCC1	20	rs6579234	20	G	A	2.14E−1	2.05E−6	Muscle-skeletal	SR
ASAP3	1	rs6686497	1	C	T	5.07E−1	1.49E−6	Muscle-skeletal	HD-hip

^a, HEIDI test was used to distinguish pleiotropy from the linkage. If a gene passes the HEIDI test (P>0.05), it suggests that there is a single causal variant influencing both disease risk and gene expression. Thus, expression change of this gene may have a role in disease susceptibility. SMR, summary-data-based Mendelian randomization; OA, osteoarthritis; Chr, chromosome; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; HEIDI, heterogeneity in dependent instruments; HD-hip, hospital diagnosis of hip OA; SR, self-reported; OA, osteoarthritis.