Table 2.
Echocardiography parameters
| Echocardiography parameter | All (n = 94) | Normal RVFWLS (≤−20%) (n = 67) | Abnormal RVFWLS (> −20%) (n = 27) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time from symptom onset to echocardiography (days) | n (n missing) |
93 (1) 18 [13.5, 22] |
67 (0) 18 [13, 21] |
26 (1) 21 [16, 27.5] |
0.011§ |
| Time from intubation to echocardiography (days) | 5 [4, 8] | 5 [4, 8] | 5 [3, 9] | 0.794 § | |
| RV4CSL % | −20.3 (4.4) | −22.5 (3.1) | −15.3 (2.3) | < 0.001η | |
| RVFAC % | 34.1 [26.2, 38.5] | 36.0 (6.9) | 25.6 (6.1) | < 0.001η | |
| TAPSE mm | n (n missing) |
45 (49) 23.7 [20.3, 25.5] |
32 (35) 24.1 (2.9) |
13 (14) 19.1 (4.6) |
0.002η |
| S’ cm/s | n (n missing) |
42 (52) 15.2 (3.4) |
28 (39) 16.5 (2.7) |
14 (13) 12.6 (3.3) |
< 0.001η |
| RIMP | n (n missing) |
38 (56) 0.42 [0.30, 0.54] |
25 (42) 0.38 [0.3, 0.43] |
13 (14) 0.62 [0.53, 0.87] |
< 0.001§ |
| LVEI Diastole | n (n missing) |
51 (43) 1.04 [0.95, 1.54] |
35 (32) 1.07 (0.23) |
16 (11) 1.12 (0.27) |
0.449η |
| LVEI Systole | n (n missing) |
52 (42) 1.04 [0.94, 1.18] |
36 (31) 1.06 (0.19) |
16 (11) 1.09 (0.26) |
0.653η |
| RV:LV Basal Diameter ED | n (n missing) |
56 (38) 0.84 (0.13) |
39 (28) 0.82 (0.12) |
17 (10) 0.87 (0.13) |
0.167η |
|
Severe RV dilation (RV:LV > 1:1) |
n (n missing) |
90 (4) 23 (25.6%) |
66 (1) 15 (22.7%) |
24 (3) 8 (33.3%) |
0.308* |
| Septal flattening | n (n missing) |
90 (4) 9 (10%) |
66 (1) 4 (6.1%) |
24 (3) 5 (20.8%) |
0.053ω |
| Severe ACP (severe RV dilation and septal flattening) | n (n missing) |
89 (5) 7 (7.9%) |
65 (2) 3 (4.6%) |
24 (3) 4 (16.7%) |
0.082ω |
| Subjective RV dysfunctionA | n (n missing) |
93 (1) 16 (17.2%) |
67 (0) 7 (10.4%) |
26 (1) 9 (34.6%) |
0.012ω |
| Subjective LV dysfunctionA | n (n missing) |
92 (2) 11 (12%) |
66 (1) 8 (12.1%) |
26 (1) 3 (11.5%) |
> 0.999ω |
Data are presented as mean (SD), median [IQR] or n (%). Data are complete unless indicated by n (n missing)
A, Subjective RV and subjective LV dysfunction was visually assessed by the echocardiographer during imaging. Subjective RV or LV dysfunction was diagnosed by a reduction in thickening and motion of the RV myocardium or LV myocardium
RVFWLS Right Ventricular Free-wall longitudinal strain, RV4CSL Right Ventricular Four-Chamber longitudinal strain, RVFAC Right Ventricular Fractional Area Change, TAPSE Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion, S’ S’ wave velocity at the tricuspid annulus, RIMP Right ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance, LVEI Left Ventricular Eccentricity Index, RV Right Ventricle, LV Left Ventricle, ED End Diastole, ACP acute cor pulmonale
Between-group differences were assessed using Student’s T test (η), Mann–Whitney U test (§), Fisher’s Exact test (ω), and Pearson Chi-Square test (*)