Table 3.

Summary of the diagnostic meta-analysis in the whole population

Marker	No. of study	Sensitivity, % (95% CI)	Specificity, % (95% CI)	DOR (95% CI)	Relative sensitivity (95% CI)	Relative specificity (95% CI)	Relative DOR (95% CI)
NGAL	35	76.8 (72.3–80.8)	80.7 (77.1–83.8)	13.8 (10.2–18.8)	Reference	Reference	Reference
IL-18	12	67.6 (60.4–74.0)	80.0 (76.1–83.5)	8.4 (5.7–12.1)	0.88 (0.80–0.96)*	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.60 (0.44–0.82)*
IL-18/Cr	3	71.9 (63.3–79.1)	80.6 (75.0–85.3)	10.6 (6.4–17.6)	0.94 (0.84–1.04)	1.00 (0.95–1.05)	0.77 (0.48–1.23)
KIM-1	14	76.3 (70.4–81.4)	79.4 (75.2–83.1)	12.4 (8.5–18.1)	0.99 (0.93–1.06)	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	0.90 (0.65–1.23)
KIM-1/Cr	6	69.9 (60.1–78.1)	83.8 (78.8–87.7)	12.0 (7.0–20.3)	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	1.04 (0.99–1.09)	0.86 (0.52–1.43)
L-FABP	10	69.8 (62.0–76.5)	81.0 (77.0–84.4)	9.8 (6.5–14.8)	0.91 (0.83–0.998)*	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.71 (0.50–1.01)
L-FABP/Cr	8	81.8 (74.0–87.7)	69.6 (58.5–78.7)	10.3 (5.4–19.7)	1.07 (0.97–1.17)	0.86 (0.75–0.99)*	0.74 (0.38–1.44)
NGAL/Cr	9	71.6 (63.5–78.5)	86.5 (82.5–89.7)	16.2 (10.1–25.9)	0.93 (0.84–1.03)	1.07 (1.03–1.11)*	1.17 (0.75–1.82)
Serum NGAL	40	76.3 (71.6–80.4)	79.7 (75.9–83.0)	12.6 (9.3–17.3)	0.99 (0.94–1.05)	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.91 (0.69–1.21)
TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: custom	6	86.3 (74.8–93.0)	57.6 (43.1–70.9)	8.5 (3.4–21.4)	1.12 (0.999–1.26)	0.71 (0.56–0.92)*	0.62 (0.23–1.63)
TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 0.3	17	68.0 (58.1–76.4)	73.5 (64.1–81.1)	5.9 (3.3–10.4)	0.88 (0.76–1.02)	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	0.42 (0.22–0.81)*
TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2	11	18.5 (12.4–26.8)	97.3 (95.7–98.4)	8.3 (4.3–16.1)	0.24 (0.16–0.36)*	1.21 (1.15–1.26)*	0.60 (0.29–1.24)

CI confidence interval, Cr creatinine, DOR diagnostic odds ratio, IL-18 interleukin-18, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1, L-FABP liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 × insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7

*Numbers in bold indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) versus the referent category: “NGAL”