Table 1.
Questionnaire items included in the survey
| Section | Category | Variables | Items | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Socio-demographic characteristics | Age, income, level of education, employment status, training in a health care profession, as well as access to health care, health insurance, ability to cover health care costs, routine health check-ups, and information regarding health care decisions for women in the family. | 10 | |
| 2 | Knowledge related to the disease (cervical cancer) | Etiology of cervical cancer (HPV as a cause of cervical cancer), risk factors (history of cancer, unprotected sex, etc.), warning signs of cervical cancer (foul-smelling discharge, bloody discharge between menstrual cycles, pain or bleeding during intercourse, etc.) Having heard of cervical cancer Known someone with cervical cancer | 5 | |
| Knowledge about screening | Presence of a test to detect HPV infection Need to undergo screening test irrespective of symptoms Presence of any symptoms in the past and screening | 3 | ||
| 3 | Model-based items | |||
| Attitude about screening | e.g., ‘Cervical cancer screening causes pain’, ‘I don’t know how it is done’, ‘I am afraid of being diagnosed’ | 7 | ||
| Subjective Norms related to cervical screening | e.g., ‘The family objects’, ‘I don’t know anyone who did the test’, ‘I don’t think my religion allows me’ | 6 | ||
| Health Habits | Engagement in routine screening for hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, etc(irrespective of symptoms) | 1 | ||
| Structural barriers to screening uptake (relayed to cost, time, accessibility, health system characteristics) | e.g., 'screening test is expensive’, ‘test takes too much time’ ,‘ unable to travel to hospital for screening’, ‘rude health professionals’ etc | 5 | ||
| 4 | Health literacy measuring tool | HLS-IND-KAN-Q16 | 16 | |
| 5 | Intention to support wife to undergo screening | ‘I intend to support my wife to undergo screening’ | 1 | |
| Total = 54 | ||||