Fig. 7.

EMS combined with EPC treatment decreased the apoptosis induced by BICAL. Coronal brain sections were subjected to TUNEL staining (control, A). EMS (C), EMS combined with SDF-1 (D), and EMS combined with EPC (F) treatments remarkably mitigated the severe cell death induced by BICAL (B), whereas EMS combined with AMD3100 treatment did not (E). (G)Western blot results showed that cleaved-caspase-3 was significantly increased after BICAL. EMS and EMS combined with EPC treatment reduced the level of cleaved-caspase-3. GAPDH staining was used as the protein loading control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 5–6. Scale bars = 50 µm