Table 1.

Studies reporting PFAS concentrations in groundwater.

Date	Reference	Source Type	Location	Number of PFAS Reported
2022	Johnson	S	USA (Western) – biosolids land-application	2
2022	Wang et al., 2022	B	China (Jiangxi Province)	18
2021	Cáñez et al., 2021	S	USA (AZ) – reclaimed water recharge	8
2021	Nickerson et al., 2021	P	USA – AFFF impacted; military installation	20
2021	Pepper et al., 2021	B	USA (AZ)	8
2021	Petre et al., 2021	P	USA (NC) – PFAS manufacturing facility	24
2021	Propp et al., 2021	S	Canada – municipal landfill leachate impacted	17
2021	Roostaei et al., 2021	P	USA (NC) – fluorochemical facilty	1
2021	Xu et al., 2021	S	China – municipal landfill leachate impacted	15
2021	Yong et al., 2021	P	South Korea – PFAS leakage incident in 2018	8
2021	Zhou et al., 2021	B	China (Loess Plateau)	34
2020	Barreca et al., 2020	B	Italy	12
2020	EA, 2020	B	England and Wales	14
2020	Harrad et al., 2020	S	Ireland – landfill leachate impacted	5
2019	GHD, 2019b	P	Australia (Mackay Airport) – AFFF impacted	25
2019	GHD, 2019a	P	Australia (Cairns Airport) – AFFF impacted	26
2019	Bao et al., 2019	P	China (Fuxin) – fluorochemical industrial park	10
2019	Bjornsdotter et al., 2019	P	Sweden – firefighting training sites	26
2019	Cao et al., 2019	B	China (Yuqiao Reservoir of Tianjin)	17
2019	Dauchy et al., 2019	S	France – near firefighting training sites	16
2019	Gao, Q. et al., 2019	S	Sweden – wastewater infiltration	14
2019	Gao, Y. et al., 2019	P	China – around a PFSA manufactory	10
2019	Hepburn et al., 2019	S	Australia – legacy landfill leachate impacted	14
2019	Kaserzon et al., 2019	S	Australia – near fire training grounds	17
2019	Liu et al., 2019	B	China (Shijiazhuang City near Hutuo River)	10
2019	Martin et al., 2019	P	Newfoundland and Ontario, Canada – fire equipment testing sites	41
2019	Sammut et al., 2019	B	Maltese	7
2018	GHD, 2018	P	Australia (Adelaide Airport) – AFFF impacted	26
2018	Gobelius et al., 2018 Ahrens et al., 2016	S	Sweden – mix of hotspots and drinking water sources	26
2018	Horsley Witten, 2018	P	USA (MA) – airport fire fighting sites	6
2018	Lapworth et al., 2018	B	England	5
2018	Liu et al., 2018	B	China	14
2018	Steele et al., 2018	P	Alaska (Military Installation and Pease AFB)	11
2018	Sun et al., 2018	B	China (Shanghai)	10
2018	Szabo et al., 2018	S	Australia – irrigation of treated wastewater	13
2018	von der Trenck et al., 2018	B	Germany	9
2018	Wei et al., 2018	P, B	China – industrial site	17
2017	Barber et al., 2014 Weber et al., 2017	P	USA (MA) – fire training site	16
2017	Braunig et al., 2017	P	Australia – AFFF impacted site	11
2017	Dauchy et al., 2017	S	France – oil refinery; fire training area	10
2017	Hongkachok et al., 2017	S	Thailand – municipal and industrial waste disposal sites	5
2017	Munoz et al., 2017	B	Overseas France	17
2017	Procopio et al., 2017	S	USA (NJ) – near industrial business park	10
2017	Woodard et al., 2017	P	USA (New England) – AFFF fire fighting activities (US Air Force Base)	12
2017	Zhu et al., 2017	B	China (Huai River Basin)	12
2016	GHD, 2016	P	Australia (Gold Coast Airport) – AFFF impacted	24
2016	Anderson et al., 2016	P	USA – AFFF release sites (US Air Force Base)	14
2016	Boiteux et al., 2016	P	France –AFFF fire fighting training site	29
2016	Chen et al., 2016	S	China – farms near fluorochemical industrial area and in rural area	17
2016	Kuroda et al., 2016	B	Japan (Tokyo)	13
2016	Li et al., 2016	B	China	7
2016	Liu et al., 2016	S	China – 10 km radius around a mega-fluorochemical industrial park	12
2016	Qi et al., 2016	B	China	13
2016	Sharma et al., 2016	B	India (Ganges River)	19
2016	Shiwaku et al., 2016	P	Japan (Osaka) – fluoropolymer plant	11
2015	Barzen-Hanson and Field, 2015	P	USA – nine military bases with record of fire fighting AFFF activity	8
2015	Castiglioni et al., 2015	S	Italy – industrial and highly urbanized area	1
2015	DMEPA et al., 2015	S	Denmark – beneath a carpet industry	NA
2015	Duong et al., 2015	B	Vietnam	7
2015	Filipovic et al., 2015	P	Sweden – AFB former military airfield	4
2015	Lin et al., 2015	B	Taiwan (Taipei City, Taipei County, Hsinchu)	10
2015	Xiao et al., 2015	P	USA - former PFAS manufacturing and disposal site	2
2014	Boone et al., 2014	P	USA (MS) – AFFF fire training area	9
2014	McGuire et al., 2014	P	USA (SD) – AFFF fire fighting training area	10
2013	Anumol et al., 2013	B	USA (AZ)	6
2013	Backe et al., 2013	P	USA – military bases including TAFB, NASF, WAFB	16
2013	Eschauzier et al., 2013	S, B	The Netherlands – military camps, landfills, and urban areas	8
2013	Houtz et al., 2013	P	USA (SD) – firetraining area US Air Force Base	17
2013	Post et al., 2013	B	USA (NJ)	10
2013	Wagner et al., 2013	P	Germany – AFFF impacted site	9
2012	Boiteux et al., 2012	B	France	10
2012	Weiβ et al., 2012	S	Germany – downstream of fire training area	6
2011	Bao et al., 2011	P	China (NE) – fluorochemical industrial park	7
2011	Hoffman et al., 2011	P	USA (OH and WV) – fluoropolymer production facility	1
2011	Lindstrom et al., 2011	P	USA (Al) – biosolids from fluorochemicalimpacted wastewater treatment plant	10
2011	Meyer et al., 2011	B	Canada	9
2010	Loos et al., 2010	B	Europe (pan-European)	9
2010	Wilhelm et al., 2010	B	Germany	NR
2009	Jin et al., 2009	B	China	2
2009	Murakami et al., 2009	B	Japan (Tokyo)	9
2009	Post et al., 2009	B	USA (NJDEP)	1
2009	Quinones and Snyder, 2009	S	USA (Lake Mead) – WWTP impacted	8
2009	Rumsby et al., 2009	P	Europe (London) - Buncefield Oil Depot	1
2009	Rumsby et al., 2009	B	France (Island of Jersey)	1
2008	Atkinson et al., 2008	P	England – fire fighting training airbase	6
2008	Markall et al., 2008	P	UK (East Anglia) – AFFF activity airbase	6
2008	Plumlee et al., 2008	B	USA	10
2008	SFT, 2008	P	Norway – fire training facilities	19
2006	Oliaei et al., 2006	P	USA (MN) – 3M PFAS production facilities	12
2005	ATSDR, 2005	P	USA (MN) – 3M Cottage Grove PFAS production facility	7
2004	Schultz et al., 2004	P	USA (Wurtsmith AFB)	10
2003	Moody et al., 2003	P	USA (MI) – fire training area Wurtsmith Air Force Base	4
1999	Moody and Field, 1999	P	USA – fire training facility (NAS Fallon and Tyndall Air Force Base)	3