Table 4.
Routine health care service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of health care providers in a phone-based survey from 2021*
| Serviced provided | Range of score | Burkina Faso (N = 300) | Ethiopia (N = 272) | Nigeria (N = 310) | Tanzania (N = 308) | Ghana (N = 299) | Total (N = 1489) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child health (CH) |
Childhood immunization (N)†
|
0-2 | 217 |
192 |
224 |
248 |
233 |
1114 |
| No interruption |
155 (71.4) |
119 (62.0) |
150 (67.0) |
243 (98.0) |
127 (54.5) |
794 (71.3) |
||
| Partial interruption |
61(28.1) |
67 (34.9) |
73 (32.6) |
4 (1.6) |
103(44.2) |
308 (27.6) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
1 (0.5) |
3 (3.1) |
1 (0.4) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.3) |
12 (1.1) |
|
| Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
83 |
85 |
88 |
62 |
67 |
385 |
|
|
Vitamin A supplementation (N) †
|
0-2 | 241 |
176 |
215 |
248 |
220 |
918 |
|
| No interruption |
47 (79.7) |
113 (64.2) |
152 (70.7) |
244 (98.4) |
141 (64.1) |
697 (75.9) |
||
| Partial interruption |
12 (20.3) |
52 (29.6) |
63 (29.3) |
4 (1.6) |
78 (35.5) |
209 (22.8) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
0 (0) |
11 (6.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
12 (1.3) |
|
| Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
241 |
100 |
97 |
62 |
80 |
581 |
|
|
Malnutrition management (N)†
|
0-2 | 212 |
171 |
208 |
244 |
218 |
1053 |
|
| No interruption |
161 (75.9) |
110 (64.3) |
149 (71.6) |
242 (99.2) |
145 (66.5) |
807 (76.6) |
||
| Partial interruption |
51 (24.1) |
56 (32.8) |
58 (27.9) |
2 (0.8) |
72 (33.0) |
239 (22.7) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
0 (0) |
4 (2.9) |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.5) |
7 (0.7) |
|
|
|
Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
88 |
106 |
104 |
66 |
82 |
446 |
|
Aggregated mean CH interruption score‡ (standard deviation)
|
0-6 |
0.56 (0.9) |
1.08 (1.5) |
0.85 (1.3) |
0.05 (0.3) |
1.06 (1.3) |
0.71 (1.2) |
|
| Maternal and reproductive health (MH) |
Antenatal care for pregnant women (N)†
|
0-2 | 233 |
209 |
236 |
246 |
258 |
1182 |
| No interruption |
182 (78.1) |
127 (60.8) |
163 (69.1) |
244 (99.2) |
166 (64.3) |
882 (74.6) |
||
| Partial interruption |
50 (21.5) |
77 (36.8) |
71 (30.1) |
2 (0.8) |
91 (35.3) |
291 (24.6) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
1 (0.3) |
5 (2.4) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
9 (0.8) |
|
| Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
67 |
68 |
76 |
64 |
42 |
317 |
|
|
Iron and folic acid for pregnant women (N)†
|
0-2 | 230 |
203 |
229 |
245 |
253 |
1160 |
|
| No interruption |
182 (79.1) |
130 (64.0) |
161 (70.3) |
243 (99.2) |
172 (68.0) |
888 (76.5) |
||
| Partial interruption |
46 (20.0) |
69 (34.0) |
67 (29.3) |
2 (0.8) |
80 (31.6) |
264 (22.8) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
2 (0.9) |
4 (2.0) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
.1 (0.4) |
8 (0.7) |
|
| Missing/not applicable |
|
70 |
74 |
83 |
65 |
47 |
339 |
|
|
Family planning and reproductive health (N)†
|
0-2 | 243 |
210 |
233 |
244 |
191 |
1121 |
|
| No interruption |
196 (80.7) |
133 (63.3) |
169 (72.5) |
243 (99.6) |
129 (67.5) |
870 (77.6) |
||
| Partial interruption |
46 (18.9) |
73 (34.8) |
63 (27.0) |
1 (0.4) |
62 (32.5) |
245 (21.7) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
1 (0.4) |
4 (1.9) |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
6 (0.5) |
|
|
|
Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
57 |
67 |
79 |
66 |
109 |
378 |
|
Aggregated mean MH interruption score (standard deviation)‡
|
0-6 |
0.59 (1.2) |
1.11 (1.5) |
0.85 (1.3) |
0.02 (0.2) |
0.88 (1.2) |
0.68 (1.2) |
|
| Other health service (OH) |
HIV treatment services (N)†
|
0-2 | 210 |
210 |
199 |
244 |
211 |
1074 |
| No interruption |
158 (75.2) |
128 (60.9) |
141 (70.9) |
243 (99.6 |
139 (65.9) |
809 (75.3) |
||
| Partial interruption |
51 (24.3) |
77 (36.7) |
57 (28.6) |
1 (0.4) |
72 (34.1) |
258 (24.0) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
1 (0.5) |
5 (2.4) |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
0(0) |
7 (0.7) |
|
| Missing/not applicable (N) |
|
90 |
66 |
113 |
66 |
89 |
425 |
|
|
Surgeries (N)†
|
0-2 | 235 |
211 |
238 |
272 |
218 |
1174 |
|
| No interruption |
185 (78.7) |
111 (52.6) |
153 (64.3) |
267 (98.2) |
137 (62.8) |
853 (72.7) |
||
| Partial interruption |
50 (21.3) |
94 (44.6) |
84 (35.3) |
5 (1.8) |
81 (37.2) |
314 (26.7) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
0(0) |
6 (2.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0(0) |
7 (0.6) |
|
| Missing/not applicable |
|
65 |
66 |
74 |
38 |
82 |
325 |
|
|
Tuberculosis treatment services and outpatient visits (N)†
|
0-2 | 205 |
196 |
201 |
225 |
199 |
1026 |
|
| No interruption |
151 (73.7) |
128 (65.3) |
142 (70.6) |
224 (99.6) |
127 (63.8) |
772 (75.2) |
||
| Partial interruption |
54 (26.3) |
67 (34.2) |
57 (28.4) |
1 (0.4) |
69 (34.7) |
248 (24.2) |
||
| Complete interruption |
|
0 (0) |
1 (0.5) |
2 (1.0) |
0 (0) |
3 (1.5) |
6 (0.6) |
|
|
|
Missing/not applicable |
|
95 |
81 |
111 |
85 |
101 |
473 |
|
Aggregated mean OH interruption score (standard deviation)‡
|
0-6 |
0.62 (1.2) |
1.08 (1.3) |
0.81 (1.2) |
0.02 (0.2) |
0.91 (1.2) |
0.67 (1.2) |
|
| Total health service interruption score |
Aggregated mean total service interruption score (standard deviation)§
|
0-18 |
1.56 (3.06) |
3.0 (3.80) |
2.2 (3.46) |
0.08 (0.62) |
2.50 (3.23) |
1.81 (3.17) |
| High interruption (N, percentage) | 59 (21.2%) | 109 (45.0%) | 85 (30.5%) | 5 (1.6%) | 116 (39.9%) | 374 (26.9%) | ||
*Number of observations (percentage).
†Number of health care providers with non-missing data for each question.
‡The aggregated score for each health service was computed by summing responses for each specific health service included in each category. Responses were scored as 0 if there was no interruption (no impact on services), 1 for partial interruption (services operating at a minimum level/emergency services provided only), and 2 for complete interruption (services are paused). Missing responses and those who refused to answer, or did not know/don’t work, not applicable were excluded from the analysis.
§The total aggregated health service interruption score was computed by summing responses over the nine essential health services assessed in the questionnaire.
¶The high interruption score was defined as high when it was above the average aggregated score across all sites.