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. 2022 Nov 9;289(1986):20221300. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1300

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© 2022 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 2. — Illustration of the full mathematical model describing resistance, high-persistence and hyper-mutator dynamics. The eight genotypes consist of the wild-type (N), hyper-mutators (M), high-persisters (P), mutator–persisters (U) and their corresponding resistant mutants denoted by subscript R (electronic supplementary material, table S1). Persister phenotype states (hatched) are denoted by a subscript p. Switching between these two states (dashed arrows) happens at rates s_F and s_B for N and M, and with h_F- and h_B-fold increase for P and U. Net growth rates as determined by AB sensitivity (equation (2.3), electronic supplementary material, text S3) are given as ψ_N for susceptible (MIC = 1) and as ψ_R (MIC_R = 10 x MIC) for resistant genotypes, together with growth costs due to resistance, c_R, and due to hyper-mutation, c_M. Solid arrows show mutational transitions between genotypes, which happen at rates µ_M, µ_P and µ_R. Mutators (M, U) have h_µ-fold increased mutation rates. See electronic supplementary material, table S2 for parameter values.