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. 2022 Feb 8;38(4):1215–1228. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10106-w

Table 3.

Associations between mode of access, gambling frequency and gambling debts for past-year gamblers with problem gambling

Variables Non-problem
gamblers
(n = 664)
At-risk/problem gamblers
(n = 171)
% % p
Mode of access
 Offline only 79.5 63.4 **
 Offline and online 18.6 32.9
 Online only 1.8 3.7
Gambling frequency
 Once per week or more 8.8 26.1 ***
 One to three times per month 20.2 22.7
 One to eleven times per year 71.0 51.2
Gambling debts
 No 99.3 99.1 ns
 Yes 0.7 0.9

ns non-significant; *p < 0.05;**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001