Table 2.
Overview of the bird species and prevalence of coronaviruses.
| No. | Order | Species | No. of samples | No. of positive samples | Sequenced (MiSeq) | No. of viruses detected | Detected mixed variants in one sample* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild birds | GammaCoV | DeltaCoV | ||||||||
| 1. | Anseriformes | Common teal (Anas crecca) | 41 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2. | Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) | 30 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 3. | Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | 28 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 GammaCoVs | ||||
| 4. | Gadwall (Mareca strepera) | 16 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | GammaCoV + 2 DeltaCoVs | |||
| 5. | Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 6. | Northern pintail (Anas acuta) | 12 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 7. | Common merganser (Mergus merganser) | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 8. | Greater scaup (Aythya marila) | 7 | ||||||||
| 9. | Common scoter (Melanitta nigra) | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 GammaCoVs | ||||
| 10. | Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) | 3 | ||||||||
| 11. | Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | 3 | ||||||||
| 12. | Northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 13. | Velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) | 2 | ||||||||
| 14. | Smew (Mergellus albellus) | 2 | ||||||||
| 15. | Common pochard (Aythya ferina) | 1 | ||||||||
| 16. | Bean goose (Anser fabalis) | 1 | ||||||||
| 17. | Charadriiformes | Dunlin (Calidris alpina) | 40 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 2 DeltaCoVs; GammaCoV + 2 DeltaCoVs; GammaCoV + 2 DeltaCoVs | ||
| 18. | Siberian gull (Larus fuscus heuglini) | 34 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | GammaCoV + DeltaCoV | |||
| 19. | Slaty-backed gull (Larus schistisagus) | 30 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 20. | Black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) | 28 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 21. | Common gull (Larus canus) | 21 | ||||||||
| 22. | Herring gull (Larus argentatus) | 13 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 GammaCoVs | ||||
| 23. | Red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis) | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Gamma + 2 Delta; Gamma + Delta | |||
| 24. | Common tern (Sterna hirundo) | 8 | ||||||||
| 25. | Pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 26. | Common sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 27. | Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) | 3 | ||||||||
| 28. | Great knot (Calidris tenuirostris) | 1 | ||||||||
| 29. | Broad-billed sandpiper (Calidris falcinellus) | 1 | ||||||||
| 30. | Passeriformes | Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 31. | Rook (Corvus frugilegus) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 GammaCoVs | ||||
| Poultry | ||||||||||
| 32. | Galliformes | Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | 134 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 2 GammaCoVs | |||
| 33. | Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) | 10 | ||||||||
| 34. | Anseriformes | Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | 33 | |||||||
| 35. | Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus) | 14 | ||||||||
| 4 orders | 36 species | 584 | 70 | 36 | 34 | 18 | ||||
*“GammaCoV + 2 DeltaCoVs” means that one gammacoronavirus and two different deltacoronaviruses were detected in one avian sample; “2 Gamma” means that two different gammacoronaviruses were detected in one avian sample etc.