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. 2022 Nov 12;12:19391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23040-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Single experimental session design; iTBS–tACS neuromodulation effects were assessed before, at 0 min, and 20 after the stimulation. (b) Focus on the iTBS–tACS on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC). (c) Focus on the three sites stimulated to assess the effects of stimulations with TMS-EEG. Next to the sites figures are an example of domains interested by the analysis. (d) Stimulation protocols example for intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and both gamma (γ) and theta (θ) transcranial alternated current stimulation (tACS). iTBS delivered triplets of magnetic pulses that last for 2 s with an interval of 10 s between stimulation trains; tACS delivered electrical stimulation waves at 70 Hz or 5 Hz depending on the experimental session.