Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of 212 mother-infant dyads who were randomized to the responsive parenting (RP) and safety control groups.
| Total (n=212) | RP (n=108) | Safety Control (n=104) | Chi sq or test | Prob > value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant | |||||
|
| |||||
| Male, n (%) | 102 (48%) | 53 (49%) | 49 (47%) | 0.08 | 0.78 |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.1 (1.0) | 39.1 (1.1) | 39.1 (1.0) | −0.25 | 0.81 |
| Enrollment weight (kg), mean (SD) | 3.02 (0.37) | 3.06 (0.38) | 2.99 (0.36) | −1.33 | 0.18 |
| Enrollment length (cm), mean (SD) | 48.7 (1.7) | 48.8 (1.8) | 48.7 (1.6) | −0.32 | 0.75 |
| 3-week weight (kg), mean (SD) | 3.69 (0.45) | 3.71 (0.46) | 3.67 (0.45) | −0.54 | 0.59 |
| 3-week any breastfeeding (%) | 107 (52.7%) | 55 (53.9%) | 52 (51.5%) | 0.12 | 0.73 |
|
| |||||
| Mother | |||||
|
| |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 22.7 (4.5) | 23.4 (4.9) | 22.0 (3.9) | −2.33 | 0.02 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD) | 28.1 (8.2) | 27.8 (8.5) | 28.4 (7.9) | 0.55 | 0.58 |
| Non-Hispanic, n (%) | 208 (99%) | 106 (98%) | 102 (99%) | 0.29 | 0.59 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy weight status | 2.17 | 0.54 | |||
| Underweight (Pre-preg BMI < 18.5) | 9 (5%) | 6 (6%) | 3 (3%) | ||
| Normal (Pre-preg BMI 18.5-25) | 79 (40%) | 43 (42%) | 36 (38%) | ||
| Overweight (Pre-preg BMI 25-30) | 35 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 20 (21%) | ||
| Obese (Pre-preg BMI ≥ 30) | 75 (38%) | 38 (37%) | 37 (39%) | ||
| Gestational weight gain (kg), mean (SD) | 14.8 (9.0) | 15.9 (9.4) | 13.7 (8.4) | −1.73 | 0.08 |
| Diabetes during pregnancy, n (%) | 14 (7%) | 6 (6%) | 8 (8%) | 0.56 | 0.97 |
| Smoked during pregnancy, n (%) | 7 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (6%) | 3.89 | 0.05 |
| Romantic status, n (%) | 0.12 | 0.39 | |||
| Single | 86 (41%) | 42 (39%) | 44 (42%) | ||
| Married/living together | 22 (10%) | 15 (14%) | 7 (7%) | ||
| Married, but not living with partner | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Living together | 66 (31%) | 33 (31%) | 33 (32%) | ||
| Involved/steady/Not living together | 37 (18%) | 17 (16%) | 20 (19%) | ||
| Involved/on-off again relationship | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Annual household income, n (%) | 15.49 | 0.03 | |||
| <$10,000 | 48 (23%) | 28 (26%) | 20 (19%) | ||
| $10,000-$24,999 | 25 (12%) | 8 (8%) | 17 (16%) | ||
| $25,000-$49,999 | 29 (14%) | 19 (18%) | 10 (10%) | ||
| $50,000 or more | 16 (8%) | 8 (8%) | 8 (8%) | ||
| Don’t know | 84 (40%) | 38 (36%) | 46 (44%) | ||
| Refuse to answer | 9 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 3 (3%) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 2.04 | 0.73 | |||
| Some high school (9-11) | 30 (14%) | 15 (14%) | 15 (14%) | ||
| High school graduate | 102 (48%) | 50 (46%) | 52 (50%) | ||
| Some college or technical school | 53 (25%) | 27 (25%) | 26 (25%) | ||
| Completed college | 19 (9%) | 10 (9%) | 9 (9%) | ||
| Post graduate training degree | 8 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 2 (2%) | ||
| Federal Nutrition Assistance, n (%) | |||||
| SNAP participation (yes) | 101 (49%) | 53 (50%) | 48 (48%) | 0.18 | 0.67 |
| WIC participation (yes) | 159 (76%) | 84 (80%) | 75 (73%) | 1.49 | 0.22 |
Abbreviation: BMI = body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). RP = responsive parenting. Mean infant age at enrollment was 1.5 days.