Table 4.

Subgroup analyses regarding effects of heavy resistance training on running economy

Moderator variables	Hedges’ g [95% CIs LL, UL]	Interpretation
Performance level
Lv. 1 (Recreational level)	− 0.27[ − 0.59, 0.04]	Small
Lv. 2 (Moderate level)	− 0.18 [ − 0.92, 0.56]	Trivial
Lv. 3 (High level)	− 0.61 [ − 1.84, 0.63]	Moderate
Age
Young (21.0–31.5 years)	− 0.51 [ − 0.83, 0.19]	Moderate
Old (34.1–44.8 years)	− 0.12 [ − 0.41, 0.17]	Trivial
Training intensity
< 90% 1RM or > 4RM	− 0.17 [ − 1.05, 0.70]	Trivial
≥ 90% 1RM or ≤ 4 RM	− 0.31 [ − 0.61,  − 0.02]	Small
Training modality
Dynamic training	− 0.32 [ − 0.64, 0.00]	Small
Isometric training	− 0.33 [ − 0.89, 0.22]	Small
Intervention period
Short (6–8 weeks)	− 0.21 [ − 0.56, 0.15]	Small
Long (10–14 weeks)	− 0.45 [ − 0.83,  − 0.08]	Small

Data are standardized mean difference for effect size values (Hedges’ g)

Hedges’ g represents time (pre vs. post) by group (experimental vs. control) interaction

CIs: confidence intervals, LL: lower limit, UL: upper limit