Table 1.

Fermentation characteristics of main ruminal amylolytic bacteria.

Microorganism	Substrate *	Fermentation Product	Gram Stain
Streptococcus bovis	Starch, maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose (pectin, xylose, arabinose, mannitol, glycerol)	Lactate, CO2 (acetate, formate)	Positive
Ruminobacter amylophilus	Starch, maltose	Formate, acetate, succinate (lactate)	Negative
Succinimonas amylolytica	Starch, maltose, fructose	Succinate (acetate, propionate)	Negative
Selenomonas ruminantium	Maltose, cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, mannitol (starch, sucrose, glycerol, lactate)	Lactate, propionate, acetate, H2, CO2 (succinate)	Negative

Substrates or products in brackets indicate that they vary between strains. * From Hungate [11], Schaefer et al. [27] and Holdman et al. [28].