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. 2022 Oct 23;27(21):7174. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217174

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Inflammatory signals promote inflammation by activating the microglia and astrocytes within the brain in ASD. SGLT2 inhibitors influence on the inflammation and neuroinflammation, SGLT2 inhibitors decrease the inflammatory factors levels, such as the M1 macrophages, STAT1 inflammatory transcription factor, cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM) in neurodevelopmental diseases [43,44]. (Created with BioRender.com).