Table 3.
Physical and mechanical parameters of formulated edible films.
| Sample | Sample Mark | Soluble Dry Matter (%) | Thickness (µm) | L* | a* | b* | ΔE | Firmness (N) | Tensile Strength (MPa) * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | C_A | 92.7 ± 0.9 ab | 110.7 ± 14.5 abcdefgh | 92.6 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 0.0 abcdefg | 4.5 ± 0.3 | / | 30.8 ± 3.5 a | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
| C_RIC | 75.0 ± 0.7 c | 105.3 ± 23.5 aijklmn | 88.0 ± 0.1 abc | 0.5 ± 0.0 ahijkl | 12.7 ± 0.5 abcdef | 9.5 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 0.3 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | |
| C_PEA | 86.1 ± 0.4 d | 153.3 ± 3.9 bopr | 88.2 ± 1.4 ade | −0.3 ± 0.1 bhmnopr | 9.6 ± 0.4 aghis | 6.7 ± 0.5 a | 19.8 ± 1.8 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | |
| C_PUM | 90.8 ± 0.6 a | 56.7 ± 12.7 sštuv | 89.5 ± 0.1 bd | −1.7 ± 0.0 cmsšt | 10.1 ± 0.2 bgjklš | 6.5 ± 0.3 a | 31.0 ± 1.1 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 | |
| Banana peel (BP) | BP_A | 81.8 ± 0.9 e | 90.7 ± 10.6 ciszž123 | 80.5 ± 0.4 f | 0.6 ± 0.1 dinuvz | 15.9 ± 0.3 mn | 16.6 ± 0 b | 25.0 ± 1.2 b | 0.13 ± 0.01 |
| BP_RIC | 80.2 ± 1.0 e | 119.3 ± 33.5 djoz456 | 84.0 ± 0.4 fg | −0.2 ± 0.0 ejosuž1 | 13.1 ± 0.5 cjmo | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 15.5 ± 0.4 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | |
| BP_PEA | 85.2 ± 0.6 d | 138.8 ± 15.9 ekp47 | 81.0 ± 0.4 | −1.0 ± 0.0 fkpšvž2 | 15.1 ± 0.6 dno | 15.7 ± 0.2 b | 12.3 ± 0.5 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | |
| BP_PUM | 94.6 ± 0.4 bf | 63.7 ± 5.3 šž8β | 86.0 ± 1.0 ceg | −0.5 ± 0.0 glrtz12 | 9.6 ± 1.0 ehkpr | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.1 c | 0.03 ± 0.00 | |
| Red beetroot peel (RBP) | RBP_A | 74.1 ± 0.3 cg | 81.3 ± 5.5 flš159αδ | 52.4 ± 0.4 | 25.9 ± 0.5 | 9.6 ± 0.3 filpt | 48.2 ± 0.7 c | 5.4 ± 0.7 c | 0.30 ± 0.00 |
| RBP_RIC | 67.0 ± 0.3 | 71.7 ± 4.3 gmu289δ | 58.9 ± 0.7 | 15.0 ± 0.4 | 20.4 ± 0.7 | 40.3 ± 0.1 | 26.8 ± 0.2 b | 0.13 ± 0.01 | |
| RBP_PEA | 75.1 ± 0.8 g | 124.2 ± 14.7 hnr367α | 61.9 ± 0.5 | 16.0 ± 0.2 | 26.7 ± 0.4 | 38.4 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | |
| RBP_PUM | 95.2 ± 0.9 f | 40.2 ± 5.1 vβγδ | 55.9 ± 1.8 | 28.9 ± 2.3 | 9.0 ± 1.5 rsšt | 47.2 ± 0.4 c | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
Means denoted with the same superscript letter in the same column are not statistically significantly (p > 0.05) different; * no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between any of the samples was observed in the means of tensile strength.