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. 2022 Oct 27;11(21):2863. doi: 10.3390/plants11212863

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© 2022 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Stem-loop ligation model. (A) Plastomes typically have many small palindromic sequences that are the reverse and complement of one another. (B) When DNA strands are separated, the complementary nucleotides can form stem-loop structures. (C) The base of the stem may be prone to DNA breakage. (D) Chance pairing may provide a ‘molecular jig’ that temporarily stabilizes a new DNA junction. (E) DNA repair ligates the junction. (F) The rearrangement junction is located in an expanded palindromic sequence.