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. 2022 Oct 27;11(21):2863. doi: 10.3390/plants11212863

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Reconstruction of the trnV(UAC)-ndhC and trnK(UUU)-psaI regions before and after an inversion and the associated insertions of foreign DNA and transposed copies of plastid DNA (plastome map depiction as in Figure 3). This inversion occurred in the common ancestral lineage of Lobelia galpinii and the remaining Lobeliaceae (Inversion 2 in Figure 1) and many species preserve this plastome arrangement. The small partial copy of the 3′ end of rpl23 and the foreign DNA carrying ORF227 inserted upstream of psaI replaced the DNA segment previously located there. The base of the stem-loop structure in the trnV(UAC)-ndhC region was one break-point for the 152-bp deletion, and the enlarged stem after the inversion includes nucleotides of the rpl23 fragment, which is consistent with the stem-loop ligation model (Figure 2). A small segment of the 3′ end of ORF227 has weak amino acid sequence similarity with the 118-bp remnant of ORF200, and may have played a role in recombination, but the plastid DNA was deleted up to the edge of the stem-loop structure upstream of psaI. The new trnV(UAC)-trnK(UUU) junction contains a small, duplicated segment of the trnK(UUU) intron, but the ligation points seem arbitrary.